How To Remove Ca Antivirus

Completely Remove CA Etrust Antivirus. The uninstaller of CA Etrust Antivirus can not completely remove all associated files.

Discussion in other anti-virus software started by Artom, May 21, 2007.

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Not open for further replies.

Hello, this is my first post, hope I ve not broken any rules here. I was told to come to this forum to find advice on how I should thoroughly remove CA etrust Anti virus from my computer. I intend to move over to Kapersky or one of the other more useful programs.

Any help/advice should be as simple as possible please :-0

Thanks,

Allen

If it doesn t remove correctly with add/remove you might try this. But do so at your own risk. Just use caution and double check before deleting anything.

1. Start- Run- and type in: unvet32.exe

Pay attention to what the uninstaller displays, if it can t remove

something you ll have to delete it manually.

2. Depending upon how badly the uninstaller failed after you ve ran it

you may need to manually delete the following:

C: Windows AVShlExt.dll

C: Windows System32 ISafeIf.dll

C: Windows System32 iSafProd.dll

C: Windows System32 VetRedir.dll

C: Windows System32 Drivers VetEBoot.sys

C: Windows System32 Drivers VetEFile.sys

C: Windows System32 Drivers VetFDDNT.sys

C: Windows System32 Drivers Vet-Filt.sys

C: Windows System32 Drivers VetMonNT.sys

C: Windows System32 Drivers Vet-Rec.sys

C: Program Files CA eTrust EZ Armor eTrust EZ Antivirus

The EZAV start menu program group located in Start- All Programs

In the registry:

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE SOFTWARE ComputerAssociates Ant i-Virus

If EZAV is the only eTrust software you ve ever installed it should be

safe to remove in the registry:

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE SOFTWARE ComputerAssociates

If you had to manually remove any files run UnVet32.exe again to see

what it displays. If it displays a successful message it will delete

itself, thus a complete uninstall.

Thank you for your very clear advice. I am very new to this sort of practice and somewhat reluctant to start manually removing stuff.

However, i can see that you really do know what you are talking about, and I m going to give it a good try once this current AV version runs out.

Once again, thank you very much for your time advice.

bigc73542 said:

If it doesn t remove correctly with add/remove you might try this. But do so at your own risk. Just use caution and double check before deleting anything.

Click to expand

This is the only complete description of how to revmove CA antivrus that I have found. I did it.had to go to safe mode to remove some of the VETstuff, but EUREKA. It worked. Many thanks.

On PC 1 I have a file that I could not get rid of from long ago it is the one that shows Sammysafe or what ever the hell that thing was and it makes MS security center show two AVs going with at least one up to date. No real harm.

I may take a look at these items and give it another try. Thanks BigC

This page is about Instruction on how to Uninstall CA Antivirus from computer on Panel Add/Remove program Select CA Anti start the CA Antivirus.

Download CA Antivirus Uninstall Utility Freeware Please click on the Download Now button to run the uninstaller for CA Antivirus.

If you have an older version of CA Antivirus, then you are likely to have CA eTrust Antivirus as part of the whole Antivirus software package.

Do you want to uninstall CA antivirus but completely remove and uninstall CA antivirus from your could not uninstall CA antivirus from your computer.

Download CA antivirus uninstall Tool to uninstall the CA antivirus completely Direct Download You should remove it by their proper CA removal tool.

If you decide to thoroughly remove CA eTrust Antivirus from your computer and move over to Kapersky, McAfee or one of the other more useful programs.

7 Comments on How to Remove Ca Antivirus Dave649 says: Topic: Support Thanks, this worked perfectly. CompGuy says: Topic: Support.

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Power    

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 Comments about Lexmark X4270 Printer Driver

mori on December 17, 2015Thank you very muchJake on September 23, 2015The Windows 7 64-bit driver worked fine on my computer which is running Windows 10 64-bit.Sissy M on August 20, 2015I also need the Windows 10 driver for my X 4270.Dee on August 15, 2015I just upgraded from Windows 7 to Windows 10. Where can I find a driver for a Lexmark X4270 printer using Windows 10.DDF on August 1, 2015ThanksPrefasa de CV on June 1, 2015very goodRonny B on February 22, 2015Where do I get windows 8.1 driver for x4270Marcelino on February 15, 2015This is often a amazing website, would you be interested in working on an interview concerning just how you produced it. If so e-mail me and my friends.

Marcelino https://collencerbone.wordpress.com/2015/01/01/exercise-sessions-for-compartment-syndromeBruce James on January 26, 2015Thanks for you re siteVIVICAN BUTALIO on January 21, 2015thanksdavis_milton att.net on December 27, 2014desk topDee on July 19, 2014Thank you for your help.er on November 2, 2013good trialsanjoy das on September 30, 2013lexmarks printer inkjet,model no x4270.printer driver download and install in our mecin but not supported my macin.plese solution support to me.Ajay Parmar on September 23, 2013Very Good..Njoy 9/13/13 on September 11, 2013Can t create output file: c: drivers printer 4200 setup.exe I really needed the software to use my computer and don t have the original disc. Now what do I do Joie Solivio on September 8, 2013Great help. Thank you.x4200 on September 7, 2013lexmarkAshik on May 31, 2013thanks for the download because I lost my. exe cdconnie on May 9, 2013i have windows 7 and i am having a difficult time installing lexmark x4270 can t seem to find the correct download.flacoe on April 29, 2013on screen instructions dont seem to play out. error message,something about cant run in dos mode. does everything always got to be complicated.KB on April 15, 2013No driver avail for you system.. So damn sorry I got Windows 8. F kManny on April 13, 2013Lexmark X4270PASTOR GABRIEL S/Leone on March 27, 2013TO BE FRANK YOUR SITE IS SO AMAZING TO DAWN LOAD DRIVERS AND THE DRIVERS ARE UNIQUE TO WORK WITH, NO ERROR IN THEM. I MOST CONFESS THIS.JERMAINE on March 26, 2013thankx for the download because I lost my exe cdJanet on March 25, 2013i have windows 8 and need to install Lexmark x4270anwar on March 1, 2013absolutely cool..T. Martinez on February 15, 2013i have windows 8 and need to install Lexmark x4270jean smeenk on February 12, 2013I have a windows 8 and need to install my Lexmark x4270 and can t get it to work. I have my installation software jean smeenk on February 12, 2013I have a windows 8 and need to install my Lexmark x4270 and can t get it to work. I have my installation software Camille on February 5, 2013Is the Lexmark X4270 compatible with Windows 8. Please disregard my previous question about Windows 7.Camille on February 5, 2013Is the Lexmark X4270 compatible with Windows 7.JENNIFER on February 1, 2013I NEED LEXMARK X4270 WINDOW VISTA PRINTER DRIVER DOWNLOADEDJZ on January 29, 2013looking for a driver for my X2470 Lemark printerCindy Lawson on January 26, 2013I need a Driver for windows 8 for Lexmark x4270 can anyone helpjean maurice on January 11, 2013this site is wonderfulRhonda on January 3, 2013So very helpful, easy and uncomplicated.Jerrilyn Hernandez on November 23, 2012I need a driver for Windows 8 for Lexmark X4270. How can I do this.Muijul Shahan Khan on November 7, 2012I would like to thank the concerned personnel who are really behind the site for assisting us in different ways. Thanks a lot.Mushtaq Ahmed on November 6, 2012Good printerJeff Johnson on October 30, 2012Thanks you very much for your helpR Lawrence on October 15, 2012many thanks -- LEXMARK S SITE VERY COBFUSIBG AND MISLEADING; YOURS IS GREAT -- THANKS.CWong on October 13, 2012I brought a new computer with new Windows 7, however, i try thousand times to install the drive download andrun the printer driver a thousand times, but not work. Found many users have been raise out the same question but no reply. Please advise us how to fix the problems.mayadenu adetomiwa on October 12, 2012i have one at home that need itdarious on September 30, 2012love itnino on September 13, 2012goodnavchandra on September 11, 2012have just changed dard drive. need to download printer x4270. need your helpina on September 3, 2012my printer is lexmark x4270 how to downloadDesai on August 30, 2012Downloaded 4200 printer driver. But after executing exe file got the message Publisher couldn t varified. Can t creat outfut file C: lexmark driver 4200 drivers win_xp2k common ENGLISG contact_ht

Unable to save the driver file after download. Can t print documents.sidibe on August 29, 2012besoinsyed on August 4, 2012goodJaime on July 13, 2012Thanks, very good page.ABDULLAH K TANK on July 5, 2012MY LEXMARK ALL-IN-ONE WAS NOT FUNCTIONING maimouna diop on June 14, 2012j ai perdu le cd pour installer mon imprimantePrasant Kum,ar Pani on May 25, 2012Dear Sir,

My printer is Lexmark X4270 we want to douwnload but it is douwnloding CJB4200EN. Kindly do the needful or give me in address: vividmetrawatt sify.com mary on May 16, 2012hope this worksbenjie on May 12, 2012very goodlev on May 11, 2012dfdfdfDesai on April 30, 2012Download is for 4200 and not for 4270 printer.nando on April 30, 2012THANKSMARCO on April 23, 2012tHANKSMarco on April 23, 2012Thankscame on April 17, 2012very good Thanksanderson caleño on April 17, 2012very good ThanksBaharom on April 16, 2012Thanks for free downloadjennifer on April 15, 2012I WANT TO INSTALL MY PRINTERsylvia on March 25, 2012free downloadsylvia on March 25, 2012free downloadS.C on March 12, 2012It was easy and such a great help since I lost my disk.Tracey on March 3, 2012This was a life saverthankyoujirawat on February 8, 2012gooddanny on February 6, 2012goodJulie on February 5, 2012its gives the x422 drivers instead of x4270Jans Mitch on January 28, 2012Have printer and cannot find diskdenise on January 13, 2012have printer no disk new computerGary Green on January 12, 2012need to use my printerkhaizam on January 2, 2012couldn t find exe file after downloadJeff Layton on January 2, 2012unsuccessful download I tried two downloadskhaizam on January 2, 2012unsuccessful downloadadriano on December 23, 2011oksCarol F on December 14, 2011Why can I only print now after I turn off my computer. And, I can only print 2 documents at a time. HELPhugo rosendo on December 9, 2011Thanks for the download very useful for the ones who lost the cd milton on December 7, 2011thanks for the download-Tabitha on December 5, 2011Thanks for the download very useful for the ones who lost the cd Neil on November 21, 2011Desire to load on software from disc. Problems in loading.lexmark x4270 on November 12, 2011no sign-up requiredCed on November 12, 2011the downloads great except you have to redo it all the time because it eat s itself.. thanx alotRebecca Pool on November 9, 2011thanks for the downloadlexmark on November 7, 2011dewcwfMary Ann on November 2, 2011My x4270 is saying there is a paper jam but there isn t one, Any idea how to troubleshoot this message. The roller doesn t seem to feed the paper through. walt on November 1, 2011lexmark is agood printerACCESS PRO ENTERPRISES on November 1, 2011THANKS leon chambers on October 29, 2011THE DOWNLOAD WAS FAST AND EASYJohanna Montiel on October 29, 2011erroradrian on October 27, 2011Iam waiting for good news, cause we need that workRoy Seay on October 18, 2011This driver update fixed my XP problem of the printer not scanning. Thank you.Ricardo on October 18, 2011no funcionachoi song lee on October 15, 2011cannot printpeche on October 5, 2011thanks for the good serviceKerry M on September 23, 2011Thanks, works Great.interconnection systems on September 20, 2011printnig probalmClif on September 19, 2011I cannot afford 90.00 for ink to use this printer. I only use it for scanning. I have purchased another printer that I can afford to buy ink for. what a way to run a company into the ground., Oh well.ana luisa on September 17, 2011quiero driver printeerKarius on September 15, 2011Thanks for here my cd is lost so i need thisvijith arunasiri bandulahewa on September 12, 2011good machineLorenzo on September 5, 2011THANKS FOR THE HELPMatt on August 31, 2011Thanksstanton tagelagi on August 21, 2011cannot load cd that comes with printer, not in english versionTina on August 10, 2011for some reason thi file will not donload to my computer. Help..koolz on August 10, 2011thank youcherise on July 31, 2011i have and error 1203 what how do I clear that upConnie on July 19, 2011finally using my printer.RAKESH on July 12, 2011I LVE MY PRINTERSimon Critchley on July 11, 2011Hope it works.Thomas Campagna on July 8, 2011Thanks, campagnat verizon.netabubakari musah on July 6, 2011i want a software to configure my jetprintercindy on June 28, 2011have printer but no disk. bought a new computer.Peter Drown on June 16, 2011Printer has stopped working.A window pops up tellling me that the printer is not conected. The disk is for Windows XP can you send me one for Windows Vista.John O Quinn on May 25, 2011I have a Lexmark X4270 I use only as a fax. It will not print or copy. What is wrong with it.Saiful Islam on May 20, 2011I want to instal Lexmark X4270 Printer windows 7 64-bitTak on May 18, 2011moved house lost cd can i use just the scanner and printer we dont require fax thanksTofaad on May 16, 2011Thanksme on April 27, 2011lexmarkGeoffrey Palomino on April 23, 2011goodno printer conncection on April 23, 2011the download did not give me an executable file to double click on.Brenda on April 9, 2011I met to say I do not have the CDBrenda on April 9, 2011I do have my cd and can not load my printer onto my computer. It is X2670 and my computer is a Windows XP. I tried to download the one above but my computer said it did not find the printer to make sure it was turned on and plugged into the computer- it was.Nilo Ponce on April 8, 2011Well, I ll add a comment when I am done with the installation. Thank you very much anyway.nim on April 8, 2011good and thanksJasmin on April 8, 2011I am so thankful for the help to reinstall my Lexmark x4270 Printer. Thanks so much and may God bless you always.Laura Farnsworth on April 7, 2011I have a Lexmark all in one x 4270, my installation disk got lost in a move. All the functions work except the scanner. The computer automatically loaded the software but cannot load the scanner function. What can I do.Mamoon on April 7, 2011Very nice and simple. My best wishes and thanks a lot to the Lexmark Technician Team.Ronald Greig on April 3, 2011I lost my cd and cannot load my printer so please help mejob on March 29, 2011goodJude Tissera on March 19, 2011Thank you very helpful and easy do downloadBubby on March 18, 2011thanks for the downloadColvin Smith on March 4, 2011Very good info, simple and to the pointmd mahabub on February 27, 2011give me the driverhiep on February 23, 2011so long time.Zac on February 21, 2011Its free, and works great.David John on February 14, 2011Very hard to download.lexmark on February 5, 2011downloadduong minh tam on January 30, 2011require driver for my printerfun4cowgirl on January 21, 2011Why is th download for my Lexmark 4270 never available. I need to reinstall on my Windows XP operating system and I have checked this site a couple of times and it is always temporarily down. Please help.Manolo on December 29, 2010Thank you very helpful and easy do downloadsue on December 14, 2010okroman bhuiyan on December 13, 2010ok tanvir ahmed Ropman on December 13, 2010thanksElennor on December 10, 2010thanksJulian on December 7, 2010Thanks for the free download it really helpsEarl Booth on December 6, 2010Thanks for the help this is my favorite Printer for photos and allAlison on November 29, 2010Thank you so much.Jeff on November 27, 2010Thank YouMarietta C. Tate on November 18, 2010What is the print spooler.jonathan on November 15, 2010could not find my driver, can you help me.varaski on November 15, 2010SWEET.martin veldhoen on November 2, 2010Thanks.Bremer on October 20, 2010I need to install Lexmark X4270 on a MacBookPro.I can t find a Driverdaven on October 3, 2010can you send me a insatllion on my email please dkris16 hotmail.com for Lexmark x4270Horace on October 2, 2010This site is very helpfulginna on September 24, 2010thanksleother dupas on September 23, 2010thank yougordon on September 9, 2010thank youDavid on August 17, 2010I just want to donload the software of the multifunctional lexmark x2470x4270 on August 9, 2010still tryingalan on August 9, 2010still tryinglisa on August 4, 2010Thank a lotsrick on August 2, 2010hope this workslokesh on August 2, 2010printerLinda on July 22, 2010hoping that i did this because i am learning and thanksannie on July 19, 2010most grateful, tried another site first without success, thank youleo on July 19, 2010THANK YOU, ALLOW FOR THE INSTALLATION OF LEXMAKSANTI on July 14, 2010my driver have problemCESAR R. TORRES on July 6, 2010I CANT INSTAL MY X4270 pramod singh rajput on June 29, 2010Thanks a lot for this facilityBoktar on June 8, 2010Thanks a lot for this facility.luis on June 3, 2010goodgood on May 31, 2010goodJason on May 29, 2010Hope this worksMiss Moore on May 28, 2010I need to buy a disc to add this printer to my comp. xp version I tried to download from this site and it ran all night to no avil. where can I get tis disc from Franklin Jackson on May 24, 2010Hope it works, since I am having problems with my other printer. If it works I will tell all my friends.MUTEKA on May 23, 2010IT IS GOODBENSON on May 23, 2010GOODPaul on May 18, 2010Handy if it works / slow to down load thoughcarlos on May 15, 2010 goodMV on May 13, 2010GREATKoper on May 12, 2010good Faiz Ahmed Choudhury on April 30, 2010Very usefulEdward on April 28, 2010need to install lexmark X4270 printer helpThanh Kieu on April 28, 2010Wonderfulasad uz jaman sujon on April 26, 2010thanksWAL on April 20, 2010ExcellentMichael Angelus on April 13, 2010Thanks, you made it easy to find and download, 03/11/10Scott Tanner on April 9, 2010Great Stuff. Solved my printer problem. Thanks.MNTLPLX on April 1, 2010yessirM H F on March 31, 2010hard to gind driers still aren t working on my x4270helpBETTY YORK on March 30, 2010THANK YOUJosé on March 22, 2010Hope it workssmd technolgoies on March 21, 2010OKAlain on March 19, 2010when I m trying to downlowd, I received this error message : LXBMUN5C.EXE not found.

What s wrong.

Thanks

ARJUN on March 17, 2010REQUIRED X4270 PRINTER DRIVERJohnny Sockets on March 9, 2010Awesomelee on March 6, 2010hope it worksBoon on February 28, 2010Why i cannot run the the X 4279 driver with vista. it request the admin passwordBeau Forsythe on February 27, 2010I don t like the pop ups trying to sell something that I don t want or need.jenny on February 26, 2010goodjavier toaquiza on February 18, 2010thankscrispin m. mejia on February 18, 2010i want to install my lexmark x270Dingbat on February 7, 2010well, I got my printer hooked up, the downloads seem to be fine but now it says I am not hooked up to the Internetwhich is impossible if I am here writing this. HELP for the pathetic PLEASEPaul on February 1, 2010To answer the question, NO,these XP drivers do not run on a 64 bit system. I guess I have to buy a new, better, all in one printer.paul on February 1, 2010I am hoping that driver will work with Windows XP Pro. 64 bitdouglas on January 13, 2010very goodjudith silbernagel on January 13, 2010i have had this printer for 3 years , i havent had very many problems with it.d garcia on January 11, 2010thanks g williams on January 10, 2010Thanks, you made it easy to find and download, 01/11/10Al Zac on January 1, 2010Trying new Lexmarknobody on December 27, 2009great but i dont know the difference between 64bit and 32bussinyomama inthegangway on December 19, 2009i want to put my usb cord into your portHelen K. Hall on December 1, 2009Thank you so much, I really appreciate it very much.Zaigham on November 26, 2009Thanks for helpSonia on November 23, 2009Easy access to download I needed and easy instruction. Thanks a Mil.gregory on November 18, 2009thank you very much ron on November 7, 2009thanksAshish surve on November 5, 2009I want to achive mu goal surve ashish dilip on November 5, 2009 i want to download your s diverskhairul hassan on November 3, 2009wanting to download. not workingdavid on October 31, 2009lexmark x4270katriya on October 30, 2009printer drivers installationsj on October 28, 2009good.

relly helpfulElias Pramanik on October 28, 2009you are very helpful.

thnxGail on October 27, 2009Thanks. you saved my printer.ali ahasan on October 24, 2009tks. i really need to download this software.betty york on October 4, 2009thank you for all the helpJessie Fletcher on September 30, 2009No Discx force one enterprise on September 26, 2009downloadCarol on September 21, 2009thank you fwdbusiness msn.com on September 17, 2009loaded printer driverstill no operation s. jerry on September 12, 2009thank you, my disk apparently was scratched, you are a print saviorVuyo Seleoane on September 10, 2009Re-Installation, due to formatBob 10th Sept 09 on September 10, 2009TxsElkin on August 29, 2009cd drive lexmark x4270mr viet on August 25, 2009cd driver lexmark x4270jc on August 24, 2009thanks so muchnirmala rao on August 14, 2009home pcbobby on August 4, 2009thanks a lot..Taoangle on August 4, 2009goodVenita on July 27, 2009Thanks, this was very easy even for someone not computer literatejim on July 21, 2009thanksKimberly Gaffney on July 15, 2009thanksJack on July 2, 2009ThksIan st. Bernard on May 20, 2009very helpfulKevin Mimbs on May 14, 2009need driverThanapara Swallows on May 9, 2009very usefulBV on May 1, 2009For PrinterShawmain Davis on April 30, 2009problem with current printer set upShawmain Davis on April 30, 2009cannot print due to set uptariq on April 19, 2009want to down loadJamaldeen on April 8, 2009It is a great relief and Thank youdeche on April 7, 2009thanks for your helpmiguel angel acevedo calzada 2522066730 on March 20, 2009hey thanks for the help that shit is greatsue on March 19, 2009thanks a bunch.Zaigham on March 8, 2009Excwllent, thanksAJ on March 3, 2009Thanks for the helpchinwe mendenhall on February 19, 2009greatJCP on February 19, 2009Nothing downloads for a driver for Lexmark Printer X4270 to use with my VISTA desktop HP Pavilion AMD Phenom 64.Alvis on February 11, 2009thanks for the helpmay on February 5, 2009I m glad that I can down load the fileshemara on February 4, 2009Thank you so muchgeorges henry jean on January 21, 2009le drivers d intallation que je voudrais mettre sur mon ordinateur pour que je puisse imprimer.radhakrishnan on January 16, 2009Thanks for your helphelio on January 11, 2009thanks very goodMani Rai on December 30, 2008thanks soo much Jayna on December 7, 2008Thanksshivu_mdr on December 4, 2008Thanks.. U.Guru on December 4, 2008Thank U Fernando Connell on November 17, 2008It s great to be able to get the drivers we needthank youTu ulafoaina on November 13, 2008i need to fine a software for this lexmart printer x4270nnn on November 4, 2008thanksScott on November 3, 2008thanksGEMA on October 31, 2008THANK YOUtoiditimcc on October 6, 2008I need driver for Lexmark X4270dfk on September 15, 2008I have followed all instructions and the driver will not download.FLDFALAN BONEY on May 30, 2008THANKS SO MUCH, VERY USEFUL WITH VISTA

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Lexmark X4270 Printer Driver

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We offer this trial period so we can learn more about how users like you work with our products. This helps us to improve them, and to provide you with more useful and personalized information about our products and services.

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We may use in-product tools to collect information about your use of our trial product for example: which features are used, time spent using the product. We stop collecting this product usage information when the trial period ends.

Here is a list of information we may collect, which is sent to our servers once a day in encrypted form:

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We will set a cookie on your browser that will uniquely identify you as a visitor towww.autodesk.com and subdomains like store.autodesk.com. This cookie will help us understand your activity on our website for example, if you view certain pages, view a webcast, or participate in a discussion forum. However, this cookie will not collect information about your activities on other websites. You can delete this cookie using your browser settings.

Marketing

In return for providing you access to a fully functional product, we may communicate with you by email, phone, in-product and/or content we display on the www.autodesk.com website. We want to give you a useful, personalized, and engaging evaluation experience. We will use the information we have collected about your trial product usage and website activity, and other information you might share with us, to help us decide what information will be most relevant and interesting to you. For example, if you indicate that you are involved in civil engineering, we may share information that we have found to be relevant to civil engineers. If you indicate that you are an experienced user or a newer user, we may communicate information to you that is designed to be relevant to your experience level.

I have read and agree to the Privacy Notice above, and I specifically agree to receive personalized marketing communications as described in the notice, as well as to the terms of the Autodesk Privacy Statement which may include transfer of my information to other countries where Autodesk operates.

3D STUDIO MAX 7 serial numbers are presented here. 3D Studio MAX 7 Trial 100 working activation serial: 3D Studio Max 7 serial: 3D Studio Max 7 trial serial.

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Private Driver Beijing

Private Beijing airport transfer by car Only from 40. Beijing Airport Pick up Services with Cars, Vans, Mpv, Coach, Bus, English Speaking Guide etc. offered by.

Beijing airport transfers, car driver hire. English speaking drivers, professional service. Luxury Business Sedans, Minivans. Online booking, 24hr customer support.

Beijing private tours: private tour packages private car or van, an affordable luxury way to enjoy Beijing sightseeing including the Great Wall, Forbidden City.

Beijing car rental and Book a Cheap Car Rental with driver with Guaranteed Cheapest prices for all car hires and with 24 /7/365 Service offered by Beijing based China.

Beijing Private Tour

Visit Beijing with your private Beijing tour guide and car or van with driver, a comfortable way to appreciate Beijing including the visits to the Great Wall, Forbidden City, Tiananmen Square, Summer Palace, Temple Heaven, Ming Tombs, Hutong tour and etc. For money saving Beijing group tours, please choose Beijing Bus Tours.

For the first time Beijing visitor: see the Beijing highlights: Tiananmen Square, Forbidden City, Temple of Heaven, Ming Tombs, old Beijing hutongs, Beihai Park, Beijing Capital Museum, the Great Wall, Olympic Sites and etc. To well plan your first time trip to Beijing, please read Top 10 Must See Places in Beijing.

If you are a regular Beijing visitor: we suggest many less familiar places such as Chuandixia Village, Gaobeidian Village, Stone Flower Caves, Guyaju Caves, the Longqing Gorge, cooking tour, food tour and many more. To well plan your returning trip to Beijing, please read Tour Beijing by Type.

Attractions: Tian anmen Square, Forbidden City, Temple of Heaven, and Summer Palace

Pick-up point and time: Your Hotel between around am

Finishing point and time: Your Hotel around pm

Walking Level: Beginner - intermediate

Vehicle: Private Car or Van

Service:Entrance fees lunch private tour guide driver private car / van

Tour Code: BXIT-F01

Price: Starting from US 65 p/p

Attractions: Mutianyu Great Wall and Underground Palace Ming Tombs

Walking Level: Beginner

Service: Entrance fees lunch private tour guide driver private car / van

Tour Code: BXIT-F02A

Price: Starting from US 59 p/p

Attractions: Panda House, Lama Temple, Confucian Temple, Hutong rickshaw tour, Drum Tower, Nanluoguxiang

Pick-up point and time: Your Hotel around am

Taking rickshaw: from Gong s Mansion to Nanluoguxiang

Tour Code: BXIT-F03

Attractions: Mutianyu Great Wall, Forbidden City and Tiananmen Square

Tour Code:BXIT-F04A

Attractions: Olympic Green, National Stadium-Bird Nest, Water Cube, 798 Art Zone, National Theatre

Hiking Level: Beginner

Service: entrance fees lunch private tour guide driver private car / van

Tour Code: BXIT-F01A

Mutianyu Great Wall Half Day Tour

Departure: Daily

Tour Type: A private tour for you, your family or your friends exclusively

Duration: Approx.4 hours 2 hours on the wall

Hiking Area: Mutianyu Great Wall Section

Pick-up point and time: Your Hotel around am or pm

Finishing point and time: Your Hotel around am or pm

Hiking Time: 2 hours

Hiking Level: beginner - Intermediate

Cable car: available not included

Service: Entrance fees lunch private tour guide

Tour Code: BHDT-07

Price: Starting from US 55 p/p

Attractions: Mutianyu Great Wall, Summer Palace

Tour Code: BXIT-F06

Duration: Approx.9 hours including lunch and 2 2 hours on the walls

Hiking Area: Panlongshan Great Wall at Gubeikou and Jinshanling Great Wall east

Hiking Time: 2 2 hours walking at Gubeikou and Jinshanling

Hiking Level: Intermediate

Tour Code: GWPD-08

Price: Starting from US 85 p/p

More Beijing Day Tours

4-Day Beijing Tour Package with hotel

Attractions: Visit Tiananmen, Forbidden City, Temple of Heaven, Summer Palace; Hike the most beautiful section of the Great Wall - the Mutianyu Great Wall; Take a pedicab to explore the hutongs in Shichahai area; Have an outside look at the Bird s Nest and Water Cube;

Meals: Enjoy 3 Chinese lunches;

Service: Private tour guide vehicle entrance fees meals;

Hotel: Yes

Customizable: Yes

Tour Code: BCPT-03A

Price: Starting from US 300 p/p

4-Day Beijing Tour Package without hotel

Attractions: Visit Tiananmen, Forbidden City, Temple of Heaven, Summer Palace; Hike the most beautiful section of the Great Wall - the Mutianyu Great Wall; Take a pedicab to explore the hutongs in Shichahai area; Have an outside look at the Bird s Nest and Water Cube;

Service: Private tour guide private vehicle entrance fees meals;

Hotel: No

Tour Code: BCPT-03

Price: Starting from US 175 p/p

5-Day Beijing Tour Package with hotel

Attractions: Visit Tiananmen, Forbidden City, Temple of Heaven, Summer Palace, Ming Tombs; Visit Capital Museum Beijing; Hike the most beautiful Mutianyu Great Wall; Take a pedicab to explore the hutongs in Shichahai area; Have an outside look at the Bird s Nest and Water Cube;

Meals: Enjoy 4 Chinese lunches;

Tour Code: BCPT-04A

Price: Starting from US 340 p/p

5-Day Beijing Tour Package without hotel

Attractions: Visit Tiananmen, Forbidden City, Temple of Heaven, Summer Palace, Ming Tombs; Visit Capital Museum Beijing; Hike the most beautiful Mutianyu Great Wall; Take a pedicab to explore the hutongs in Shichahai area; Have an outside look at the Bird s Nest and Water Cube;

Tour Code: BCPT-04

Price: Starting from US 245 p/p

More Beijing Package Tours

1. Why take a private tour in Beijing.

You set the pace;

Tours could be customized to your specific needs;

Make use of your private tour guide to keep from queues and possible frustrations;

Visit off the beaten path to lesser-known sites;

You fix your visiting time, stop for photos, shopping

Have more advice on playing, eating, drinking and shows to see;

Ask tons of questions and have fun.

Note: For money saving fixed departure join-tour, please check Beijing group tour.

2. Beijing Hotel Booking

We have chosen for you the carefully recommended hotels in each itinerary which are classified into three categories: Deluxe 5 star hotel , Standard 4 star hotel and comfortable 3 star hotel . If you prefer a specific hotel, or you would like to reserve the hotels by yourself, please tell us in advance, we can customize the tour per your request. We also offer some Beijing tour packages without hotel bookings.

3. Meals on your trip

Your breakfast is usually included in your hotel. Basically we include all the lunches on your day tour. We provide Chinese lunches in most cases. We try to improve the quality of the lunch on the tour. All the lunches are not refundable. We often skip dinners for you to have more flexibility. Many hotels offer very good buffet dinner or Chinese dinner. Or you may have dinner at the restaurants around your hotel. But we do offer dinner when you have reserved our designated evening shows, such as Peking Opera, Acrobatics, Kung Fu Show.

4. Beijing tour guide

Our registered tour guides have received good professional training. Most of them are helpful and resourceful, and willing to go out of their way to make your stay in Beijing both comfortable and fruitful.

5. How about the vehicle.

All the vehicles are licensed with insurance, air-conditioning, clean,tidy and odour-and damage-free;

Car: 1-2 persons

Van :3-8 persons

Coach: 8-30 persons

img src alt Beijing China Tour Early Booking Promotion 2015/2016 title Beijing China Tour

Early Booking Promotion

2015/2016 width 680 border 0

Questions Answers:

Here is only for Questions and Answers. For anyone who wants to have an enquiry or customized tour, please email us to.

My name is Ping. Welcome to my website. I am a free-lance private taxi driver and tour guide in Beijing, fluent in Mandarin, Cantonese and English.

Wehellas Pes 2013 Greek Patch Pc

Download PES 2016 Patch, PES 2015 Patches Update, PES 2013 Patch, PES Edit, Boots, Faces, Kits and DLC for PC, Xbox, PS3, PS4.

Mar 08, 2014  Tο Ελληνικό Patch WeHellas PES 2014 patch v1 για την έκδοση του Playstation 3 ολοκληρώθηκε και μπορείτε.

Jan 22, 2013 - Page 1 of 46 - WeHellas PES 2013 Patch PC 100 - posted in PC PES WeHellas Greek Stadiums Ingame Edit Περισσότερες εικόνες PC PES WeHellas Patches7 Feb 2015 PS3 PES WeHellas Patches7 Feb 2015PES Editing PC6 Feb 2015 PC PesEdit 2013 patch - PES 2013 Patches21 Sep 2012More results from www.wehellas.grΒίντεο 99 Πώς Βάζουμε το We Hellas Patch Στο Pro  https://www.youtube.com/watch.v RCnimup2k08Oct 25, 2013 - Uploaded by Ανοιχτό ΒιβλίοΓια το 15 θα βγαλεις video οταν βγει στο PC; . και κάτι άλλα π.χ WeHellas PES 2013 Patch.part19.rar αλλά βλέπω την ημερομηνία που τα.

1. Install PES 2013 DEMO. 2. Download all 6 parts of the PES 2013 WeHellas DEMO Patch, and place them all in the same folder while checking that every part is 200 MB.

To WeHellas ασχολείται με την επεξεργασία της σειράς PES/WE. Μπορείτε να βρείτε patch με το Ελληνικό.

Feb 16, 2013  PES 2013 - PC patch Ιανουαρίου Αποτελείται από 19 parts με συνολικό μέγεθος 3.5 GB ενώ είναι.

Το WeHellas PES 2013 patch για την έκδοση του PC έχει ολοκληρωθεί και μπορείτε να το κατεβάσετε από τα Downloads του site μας.

Αναλυτικές οδηγίες εγκατάστασης :

Όπως κάθε χρόνο, η ομάδα του site δημιούργησε το απόλυτο Ελληνικό patch και έχει εξασφαλίσει για εσάς, πλούσιο υλικό αλλά και πολλές μοναδικές καινοτομίες για την ρεαλιστικότερη απεικόνιση του Ελληνικού πρωταθλήματος και όχι μόνο..

Το patch αποτελείται από 19 parts με συνολικό μέγεθος 3,5 GB, ενώ είναι συμβατό με το τελευταίο DLC της Konami 3.0 και λειτουργεί ανεξάρτητα.

Μερικά από τα περιεχόμενα του patch είναι:

9 πρωταθλήματα συνολικά, στα οποία περιέχονται τα 4 νέα: Ελληνικό πρωτάθλημα Superleague Football League και Κυπριακό πρωτάθλημα Λαϊκής Τράπεζας, καθώς και το Γερμανικό πρωτάθλημα Bundesliga.

Για όλα τα πρωταθλήματα έχουν προστεθεί νέα πρόσωπα συνολικά περισσότερα από 1600, εμφανίσεις, ρόστερ και ρεαλιστικά στατιστικά από το Football Manager 13 για ΟΛΕΣ τις ομάδες. Συμπεριλαμβάνονται μεταγραφές που πραγματοποιήθηκαν μέχρι και 21 Ιανουαρίου σε όλες της ομάδες - για τις επόμενες μεταγραφές θα βγει update σύντομα.

Νέα συνθήματα για 64 εθνικές ομάδες και συλλόγους.

Νέο intro video και background videos στα μενού του παιχνιδιού.

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Νέες εικόνες υψηλής ανάλυσης στην επιλογή γηπέδων.

Νέα συλλογή με περισσότερες από 60 μπάλες.

Συγκεκριμένα για τη Superleague και Football League προστέθηκαν:

Ρεαλιστικά συστήματα/επιλογές για όλες τις ομάδες

19 νέα γήπεδα δείτε στο Forum για λεπτομέρειες

Λεπτομερή πρόσωπα 3D, scanned ή build και εμφάνιση physique, boots, accessories για όλους τους παίκτες

Πλήρης αναπαράσταση των πραγματικών γραφικών της NOVA scoreboard, στατικά γραφικά animation και ρεαλιστικό NOVA replay transition logo ακριβώς όπως στην τηλεόραση

Συνθήματα για 15 ομάδες της Superleague και 11 από Football League - 5 για κάθε ομάδα.

Ρεαλιστικές διαφημίσεις γηπέδων

Πανό για 4 Ελληνικές ομάδες και για 22 ξένες.

Περισσότερα στοιχεία για τα περιεχόμενα θα βρείτε στο Forum. 30588.

Check The Support Section For Driver Software

Download drivers for NVIDIA products including GeForce graphics cards, nForce motherboards, Quadro workstations, and more. Update your graphics card drivers today.

Digital Wave Player Update 2.1.4: This download updates the Digital Wave Player software bundled with Olympus VN- PC series digital voice recorders from version.

Star Micronics Support Database. Welcome to the Star Micronics Global Support Site. Browse Star s online database to easily and quickly find drivers, software.

Find and contact HP Customer Support, download drivers, manuals and troubleshooting information for HP products, including pcs, laptops, desktops, printers, tablets.

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This section assumes to use Internet Explorer and Windows Explorer. Logon with an administrator account. Refer to the Manual Install section of Ethernet Driver.

Easily find and download software and drivers for your HP products including pcs, laptops, desktops, printers, tablets, apps and services from HP Customer Support.

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Dell Xps M1330 Display Driver Windows Xp

This page contains the list of device drivers for Dell XPS M1330. To download the proper driver, first choose your operating system, then find your device name and click the download button.

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Network Wireless Drivers

Hard Disk Controller Drivers.

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Free drivers for Dell XPS M1330. Found 98 files. Please select the driver to download. Additionally, you can choose Operating System to see the drivers that will be.

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Product Support XPS M1330 M1330. View a different Product not tested for Windows 10 upgrade. Dell is not testing or developing Windows 10 drivers for this.

Broadcom Ethernet Driver Windows 8.1

Download Broadcom NetLink Gigabit Ethernet Driver 15.6.0.14 for Windows 7, Windows 8, Windows 8.1

What a frustration I and many others went through to fix this issue which is lost Wifi when going from Windows 8 to 8.1. Forget the driver Acer wants you to use.

This driver does not support BCM5700, BCM5701 and BCM5702 devices. The following Operating Systems are supported: Windows Vista, Windows 7, Windows 8, Windows 8.1.

Manufacturer Name: Broadcom : Address: 16215 Alton Parkway, Irvine California USA Phone Number: 949-450-8700 Support Number: 949 450-8700 E-mail: Main URL.

245 KB   6,928 downloads

The package provides the installation files for Broadcom NetLink Gigabit Ethernet Driver version 15.6.0.14.

In order to manually update your driver, follow the steps below the next steps :

1. Go to Device Manager right click on My Computer, choose Manage and then find Device Manager in the left panel

2. Right click on the hardware device you wish to update and choose Update Driver Software

3. Choose to select the location of the new driver manually and browse to the folder where you downloaded the driver

It is highly recommended to always use the most recent driver version available. Do not forget to check with our site as often as possible in order to stay updated on the latest drivers, software and games. Try to set a system restore point before installing a device driver. This will help if you installed a wrong driver. Problems can arise when your hardware device is too old or not supported any longer.

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How to run User Diagnostic for a BCM57xx NetXtreme Device: Create a bootable DOS USB Flash disk Unzip the DOS Diagnostic Utilities Put the unzipped files to a bootable USB Flash disk Boot up the system to DOS Change directory to DOS b57Diag and run b57udiag

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I am Jigme from Bhutan..Wonderful..the above information s is very informativeHowever, I lost my Dell Optiplex 380 network adapter driver and could.

Includes software and documentation for Bluetooth development on Windows XP, Windows 7 and Vista with Bluetooth radios from Broadcom.

The package provides the installation files for Broadcom NetLink Gigabit Ethernet Driver version 15.6.0.14. In order to manually update your driver, follow the steps.

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Xbcd Xp Driver

Appian PCI IDE Controller Driver, Realtek AC 97 Audio Driver, Intel R 82865G/PE/P/GV/82848P Processor to AGP Controller - 2571 Driver, NETGEAR.

Xbox 360 Gamepad Support for XBCD. This page contains versions of redcl0ud s XBCD drivers modified to support the Xbox 360 gamepad. Although several people have.

Here s a step-by-step guide on how to modify an old Xbox controller into a PC gamepad.

Oct 04, 2010  In this video, I will show you how to Install XBCD, or XBOX Controller Driver for your computer to use with an original XBOX controller with a USB end.

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XBCD - XBox Controller Driver for Windows 98/2000/XP

About

Download

Frequently Asked Questions

DVD Remote Control Version

Installation

Wiring

Troubleshooting

Programming

Version 1.07

-------------------

Exports 32 controls to Windows:

nbsp nbsp - Up to 24 digital buttons.

nbsp nbsp - 7 axes X, Y, Z, RX, RY, RZ, Slider in Windows 2000/XP.

nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp 6 axes X, Y, Z, RX, RZ, Slider in 98/ME.

nbsp nbsp - POV hat switch with 8 directions

Controller buttons, axes, and the digital pad can be mapped to any of the

controls exported to Windows.

Supports up to 8 different configurations.

The active configuration can be selected by pressing both Analog Sticks simultaneously.

Controller can be reported to Windows as a gamepad or a joystick.

Threshold settings for Buttons, Triggers, and Axes.

Deadzone settings for Analog Sticks.

Scaling of axes for sensitivity.

Gamepad settings can be saved to a file for later use.

Rumble support. Adjustable maximum force for each actuator.

Version 0.57

All buttons are supported as digital buttons.

Supports different configuration for the Left Analog Stick, Digital Pad, and Right Analog Stick. Configurations can be switched by pressing both Analog Sticks.

Triggers can be used as buttons, Slider X, Slider X-, Slider Y, or Slider Y-.

Supports separate custom Threshold for Buttons and Triggers.

Custom settings for dead zones of Analog Sticks.

Configuration of buttons and axes supported through XBCD Setup application.

Start Back can be used as a shortcut to switch Slider Y control.

Slider axes can be used as Throttle, Rudder, Z, X Rotation, Y Rotation, or Z Rotation.

Digital Pad can be used as 4 extra buttons 13-16.

Floating-point calculations can be enabled for more accurate Analog Stick precision.

Version 0.35

Made some minor changes. The problem with button configuration in some games where the same button would be assigned to another action without pressing it should now be fixed.

Dance Dance Revolution Pad Version

This version is designed to work with the DDR Pad. It sets up the D-Pad as separate buttons plus A, B, X, Y, Start, and Back. I don t have any information on how the DDR Pad sends its data to the XBox, so even though this will work with a regular XBox Gamepad it might not work with the DDR Pad. If anyone is interested in using a debugging version so that I can get more information about how the DDR Pad works, let me know in the Message Board.

Version 0.40

Rumble support has been added. Currently supports all effects but converts all periodic effects into constant effects, will be fixed in next version. Also supports setting the maximum value for Force Feedback.

Version 0.43

Added the option to use Start Back to switch Throttle control. Now, the Slider axes can be switched around. Y-axis can be Rudder and X-axis can be Throttle.

A lot of changes were made to the Rumble dll. I recommend everyone to upgrade to the latest one.

Version 0.43 with rumble version 0.65

Made some small changes to the rumble dll which fix some problems with Need for Speed Underground, Nascar Racing 2003, and other games.

Version 0.50

2 new axes configurations. Left Analog Stick and Digital Pad can be used for X/Y while Right

Analog Stick can be used for POV or Throttle and Rudder.

Digital Pad can now be used as 4 extra buttons 13-16.

New version of the rumble dll with support for more games.

Also a new version of XBCDSetup with support for the new features in the driver.

Version 0.52

Now XBCD Supports using X/Y Rotation instead of Throttle and Rudder. In Windows 98 it will always use Throttle and Rudder or else the driver doesn t work.

Version 0.55

Slider axes can be configured as Rudder, Throttle, Z, X Rotation, Y Rotation, or Z Rotation. Gamepad settings can be saved to files. Removed some features that weren t needed anymore and fixed others.

I also included a version of XBCDRC remote control utility with the driver which works with the gamepad. For more information on this see the link DVD Remote Control Version above.

Version 0.56

Now Triggers can act as buttons, Slider X, Slider X-, Slider Y, or Slider Y-. The default functions for the Slider control are X/Y Rotation. I ve changed some of the layout of the setup utility to give it a more organized look.

Fixed a bug which would crash Windows 2000 when unplugging gamepad. Installer now includes the source code.

Version 1.00

I would just like to give credit to Mez for all of his time and help in programming this version of the driver.

This driver has a version of 1.00 because of all the changes in it and because I don t see it getting much better than this.

Some bugs in the previous version have been fixed. The installer now offers an option of installing the driver s Rumble support.

Version 1.01

Fixed a problem in the setup utility where some of the input boxes for the axis scales weren t in the right order.

Added the ability to turn off all axes except X and Y. For Need for Speed Underground, the controller won t be recognized unless the RZ axis is turned off.

I also forgot to mention that this driver should work with a DDR pad; that means you don t need to download a separate driver for it.

Version 1.03

Added support for the spring and friction effects in the Rumble DLL. Fixed some of the registry entries for the force feedback effects.

Removed all of the needless floating point math in the driver to make it more stable.

Added XP Visual Themes support to the Setup Utility and fixed the flickering effect in it.

The XBCD installer can also be run silently now.

Version 1.06

New option added to expand analog stick movement to full range.

The number of buttons reported to Windows can now be set through an option in the Setup Utility.

Now, the controller can be reported to Windows as a gamepad or a joystick.

The Setup Utility now uses a plain text file to export and import gamepad configurations.

A new DLL XBCDIF.dll is included with the Setup Utility; it is only used to enumerate XBCD controllers but more functionality will be added to it.

The rumble DLL has been ported to C and other changes were made to make it more stable. The new rumble DLL was compiled using Dev-C, a free MinGW C IDE.

The Setup Utility can detect XBCD gamepads under the original version of Windows 98.

I have made the source code for the driver available for download. If anyone wants to program for the XBox gamepad, at least they ll have a starting point. I m not an expert at programming so the driver is not perfect but it works. I will continue working on the driver and commenting as much as I can of the source code. I will gladly post new versions of the driver that anyone makes on this page.

NEW XBCD Version 1.07 Windows 98/2000/XP - XBCDv107.exe

XBCD Version 1.06 Windows 98/2000/XP - XBCDv106.exe

XBCD Version 1.03 Windows 98/2000/XP - XBCDv103.exe

XBCD Version 1.01 Windows 98/2000/XP - XBCDv101.exe

XBCD Version 1.00 Windows 98/2000/XP - XBCDv100.exe

XBCD Version 0.57 Windows 98/2000/XP - XBCDv057.exe

XBCD Version 0.56 Windows 98/2000/XP - XBCDv056.exe

XBCD Version 0.55 Windows 98/2000/XP - XBCD_v55.cab

XBCD Version 0.52 Windows 98/2000/XP - XBCD_v52.cab

XBCD Version 0.50 Windows 98/2000/XP - XBCD_v50.cab

XBCD Source Code Windows 98/2000/XP - XBCD_all_src.cab

Includes XBCD v0.50, XBCDR.dll Rumble dll v0.70, and XBCDSetup v0.95.

All Digital Buttons Version 0.43 Windows 98/2000/XP - XBCD_digital_v43.cab

All Digital Buttons Version 0.40 Windows 98/2000/XP - XBCD_digital_v40.cab

All Digital Buttons Version 0.40 Source Code Windows 98/2000/XP - XBCD_v40_src.cab

Dance Dance Revolution Pad Version Windows 98/2000/XP - XBCD_DDR.cab

Dance Dance Revolution Pad Version Source Code Windows 98/2000/XP - XBCD_DDR_src.cab

All Digital Buttons Version 0.35 Windows 98/2000/XP - XBCD_digital_v35.cab

XBCDSetup has been integrated into the driver. The following are outdated.

XBCDSetup Utility Version 0.95 - XBCDSetup_v95.cab

XBCDSetup Utility Version 0.92 - XBCDSetup_v92.cab

XBCDSetup Utility Version 0.90 - XBCDSetup_v90.cab

If Windows says that it couldn t find a driver for the device, download USB View here, USBView.cab.

Run usbview.exe and look for something like this. The XBox gamepad will come up as a Generic USB Hub with 3 ports. The gamepad is connected to the first port and the memory card slots are connected to the other two ports.

Click on port 1 of the Generic USB Hub and notice the values idVendor and idProduct on the right side panel.

Open xbcd.inf with Notepad and look for the following entries.

DeviceList

XBCD XBox Gamepad Install, USB VID_0738 PID_4516

XBCD XBox Gamepad Install, USB VID_0738 PID_4526

XBCD XBox Gamepad Install, USB VID_0738 PID_4536

XBCD XBox Gamepad Install, USB VID_045E PID_0285

XBCD XBox Gamepad Install, USB VID_045E PID_0202

These entries belong to different gamepads from different manufacturers. As you might have noticed, VID_xxxx contains the value from idVendor in USB View and PID_xxxx contains the value from idProduct. For your gamepad to be recognized during the driver installation, just make a new entry in xbcd.inf with the idVendor and idProduct of your gamepad, save the file, and try installing the driver again.

All Digital Buttons Version 0.40 DEBUG Windows 98/2000/XP - XBCD_v40_debug.cab

To see the debug output, download DebugView from the link below. Maintain DebugView open at all times while working with the driver. That includes install and uninstall.

Here are a few links that will help understand how to program the XBox Controller Driver.

Inside XBox Controller

USB.org - HID Page

USBMan

Programming the MS Windows Driver Model - HID Sample Chapter

MSDN Library - Windows Development

Systernals - DebugView Utility

The XBCD Logo was contributed by jfb9301.

• Home. XBCD - XBox Controller Driver for Windows 98/2000/XP About Download Frequently Asked Questions DVD Remote Control Version Installation Wiring.
• Home Installation 1. Download the file XBCDv103.exe. 2. Choose the type of installation from the list below. XBCD Upgrade: If you already have XBCD installed.

Kernel Device Driver Development

This article is intended to be a quickstart guide for building, loading, and debugging a simple device driver for a 64-bit Windows 7 system.

Kernel Drivers specializes in Windows device driver consulting and programming. We create the software that empowers Windows platforms. What can we build for you.

2 Free Electrons. Kernel, drivers and embedded Linux development, consulting, training and support. http//free electrons.com Kernel and device drivers.

/dev/hello_world: A Simple Introduction to Device Drivers under Linux - O'Reilly Media

Chapter 1 An Introduction to Device Drivers Contents: The Role of the Device Driver Splitting the Kernel Classes of Devices and Modules Security Issues.

64-bit Device Driver Development

Class Offerings. Class Schedule. Distance Learning. On-Site. Academic Program. Student Feedback. Certification. Courseware. Linux Device Driver Training.

Linux Device Drivers DOs and DON Ts A guide to writing Robust Linux Device Drivers.

Training sessions for embedded Linux kernel driver and BSP developers. The experience and knowledge you need to quickly get your project started.

By Valerie Henson

07/05/2007

Since the misty days of yore, the first step in learning a new programming language has been writing a program that prints Hello, world. See the Hello World Collection for a list of more than 300 Hello, world. examples. In this article, we will use the same approach to learn how to write simple Linux kernel modules and device drivers. We will learn how to print Hello, world. from a kernel module three different ways: printk, a /proc file, and a device in /dev.

Preparation: Installing Kernel Module Compilation Requirements

For the purposes of this article, a kernel module is a piece of kernel code that can be dynamically loaded and unloaded from the running kernel. Because it runs as part of the kernel and needs to interact closely with it, a kernel module cannot be compiled in a vacuum. It needs, at minimum, the kernel headers and configuration for the kernel it will be loaded into. Compiling a module also requires a set of development tools, such as a compiler. For simplicity, we will briefly describe how to install the requirements to build a kernel module using Debian, Fedora, and the vanilla Linux kernel in tarball form. In all cases, you must compile your module against the source for the running kernel the kernel executing on your system when you load the module into your kernel.

A note on kernel source location, permissions, and privileges: the kernel source customarily used to be located in /usr/src/linux and owned by root. Nowadays, it is recommended that the kernel source be located in a home directory and owned by a non-root user. The commands in this article are all run as a non-root user, using sudo to temporarily gain root privileges only when necessary. To setup sudo, see the sudo 8, visudo 8, and sudoers 5 main pages. Alternatively, become root, and run all the commands as root if desired. Either way, you will need root access to follow the instructions in this article.

Preparation for Compiling Kernel Modules Under Debian

The module-assistant package for Debian installs packages and configures the system to build out-of-kernel modules. Install it with:

sudo apt-get install module-assistant

That s it; you can now compile kernel modules. For further reading, the Debian Linux Kernel Handbook has an in-depth discussion on kernel-related tasks in Debian.

Fedora Kernel Source and Configuration

The kernel-devel package for Fedora has a package that includes all the necessary kernel headers and tools to build an out-of-kernel module for a Fedora-shipped kernel. Install it with:

sudo yum install kernel-devel

Again, that s all it takes; you can now compile kernel modules. Related documentation can be found in the Fedora release notes.

Vanilla Kernel Source and Configuration

If you choose to use the vanilla Linux kernel source, you must configure, compile, install, and reboot into your new vanilla kernel. This is definitely not the easy route and this article will only cover the very basics of working with vanilla kernel source.

The canonical Linux source code is hosted at The most recent stable release is linked to from the front page. Download the full source release, not the patch. For example, the current stable release is located at For faster download, find the closest mirror from the list at and download from there. The easiest way to get the source is using wget in continue mode. HTTP is rarely blocked, and if your download is interrupted, it will continue where it left off.

wget -c

Unpack the kernel source:

tar xjvf linux-.tar.bz2

Now your kernel is located in linux-/. Change directory into your kernel and configure it:

cd linux-

make menuconfig

A number of really nice make targets exist to automatically build and install a kernel in many forms: Debian package, RPM package, gzipped tar, etc. Ask the make system for help to list them all:

make help

A target that will work on almost every distro is:

make tar-pkg

When finished building, install your new kernel with:

sudo tar -C / -xvf linux-.tar

Then create a symbolic link to the source tree in the standard location:

sudo ln -s /lib/modules/ uname -r /build

Now the kernel source is ready for compiling external modules. Reboot into your new kernel before loading modules compiled against this source tree.

Hello, World. Using printk

For our first module, we ll start with a module that uses the kernel message facility, printk, to print Hello, world.. printk is basically printf for the kernel. The output of printk is printed to the kernel message buffer and copied to /var/log/messages with minor variations depending on how syslogd is configured.

Download the hello_printk module tarball and extract it:

tar xzvf hello_printk.tar.gz

This contains two files: Makefile, which contains instructions for building the module, and hello_printk.c, the module source file. First, we ll briefly review the Makefile.

obj-m : hello_printk.o

obj-m is a list of what kernel modules to build. The. o and other objects will be automatically built from the corresponding. c file no need to list the source files explicitly.

KDIR : /lib/modules/ shell uname -r /build

KDIR is the location of the kernel source. The current standard is to link to the associated source tree from the directory containing the compiled modules.

PWD : shell pwd

PWD is the current working directory and the location of our module source files.

default:

MAKE -C KDIR M PWD modules

default is the default make target; that is, make will execute the rules for this target unless it is told to build another target instead. The rule here says to run make with a working directory of the directory containing the kernel source and compile only the modules in the PWD local directory. This allows us to use all the rules for compiling modules defined in the main kernel source tree.

Now, let s run through the code in hello_printk.c.

include

This includes the header files provided by the kernel that are required for all modules. They include things like the definition of the module_init macro, which we will see later on.

static int __init

hello_init void

printk Hello, world. n ;

return 0;

This is the module initialization function, which is run when the module is first loaded. The __init keyword tells the kernel that this code will only be run once, when the module is loaded. The printk line writes the string Hello, world. to the kernel message buffer. The format of printk arguments is, in most cases, identical to that of printf 3.

module_init hello_init ;

The module_init macro tells the kernel which function to run when the module first starts up. Everything else that happens inside a kernel module is a consequence of what is set up in the module initialization function.

static void __exit

hello_exit void

printk Goodbye, world. n ;

module_exit hello_exit ;

Similarly, the exit function is run once, upon module unloading, and the module_exit macro identifies the exit function. The __exit keyword tells the kernel that this code will only be executed once, on module unloading.

MODULE_LICENSE GPL ;

MODULE_AUTHOR Valerie Henson ;

MODULE_DESCRIPTION Hello, world. minimal module ;

MODULE_VERSION printk ;

MODULE_LICENSE informs the kernel what license the module source code is under, which affects which symbols functions, variables, etc. it may access in the main kernel. A GPLv2 licensed module like this one can access all the symbols. Certain module licenses will taint the kernel, indicating that non-open or untrusted code has been loaded. Modules without a MODULE_LICENSE tag are assumed to be non-GPLv2 and will result in tainting the kernel. Most kernel developers will ignore bug reports from tainted kernels because they do not have access to all the source code, which makes debugging much more difficult. The rest of the MODULE_ macros provide useful identifying information about the module in a standard format.

Pages: 1, 2, 3

Next Page

/dev/hello_world: A Simple Introduction to Device Drivers under Linux

Now, to compile and run the code. Change into the directory and build the module:

cd hello_printk

make

Then, load the module, using insmod, and check that it printed its message, using dmesg, a program that prints out the kernel message buffer:

sudo insmod. /hello_printk.ko

dmesg tail

You should see Hello, world. in the output from dmesg. Now unload the module, using rmmod, and check for the exit message:

sudo rmmod hello_printk

You have successfully compiled and installed a kernel module.

Hello, World. Using /proc

One of the easiest and most popular ways to communicate between the kernel and user programs is via a file in the /proc file system. /proc is a pseudo-file system, where reads from files return data manufactured by the kernel, and data written to files is read and handled by the kernel. Before /proc, all user-kernel communication had to happen through a system call. Using a system call meant choosing between finding a system call that already behaved the way you needed often not possible, creating a new system call requiring global changes to the kernel, using up a system call number, and generally frowned upon, or using the catch-all ioctl system call, which requires the creation of a special file that the ioctl operates on complex and frequently buggy, and very much frowned upon. /proc provides a simple, predefined way to pass data between the kernel and userspace with just enough framework to be useful, but still enough freedom that kernel modules can do what they need.

For our purposes, we want a file in /proc that will return Hello, world. when read. We ll use /proc/hello_world. Download and extract the hello_proc module tarball. We ll run through the code in hello_proc.c.

This time, we add the header file for procfs, which includes support for registering with the /proc file system.

The next function will be called when a process calls read on the /proc file we will create. It is simpler than a completely generic read system call implementation because we only allow the Hello, world. string to be read all at once.

static int

hello_read_proc char buffer, char start, off_t offset, int size, int eof,

void data

The arguments to this function deserve an explicit explanation. buffer is a pointer to a kernel buffer where we write the output of the read. start is used for more complex /proc files; we ignore it here. offset tells us where to begin reading inside the file ; we only allow an offset of 0 for simplicity. size is the size of the buffer in bytes; we must check that we don t write past the end of the buffer accidentally. eof is a short cut for indicating EOF end of file rather than the usual method of calling read again and getting 0 bytes back. data is again for more complex /proc files and ignored here.

Now, for the body of the function:

char hello_str Hello, world. n ;

int len strlen hello_str ; / Don t include the null byte. /

/

We only support reading the whole string at once.

/

if / size len

return -EINVAL;

If file position is non-zero, then assume the string has

been read and indicate there is no more data to be read.

if offset. 0

We know the buffer is big enough to hold the string.

strcpy buffer, hello_str ;

Signal EOF.

eof 1;

return len;

Next, we need to register with the /proc subsystem in our module initialization function.

Create an entry in /proc named hello_world that calls

hello_read_proc when the file is read.

if create_proc_read_entry hello_world, 0, NULL, hello_read_proc,

NULL 0

printk KERN_ERR

Unable to register Hello, world. proc file n ;

return -ENOMEM;

And unregister when the module unloads if we didn t do this, when a process attempted to read /proc/hello_world, the /proc file system would try to execute a function that no longer existed and the kernel would panic.

remove_proc_entry hello_world, NULL ;

MODULE_VERSION proc ;

Then, we re ready to compile and load the module:

cd hello_proc

sudo insmod. /hello_proc.ko

Now, there is a file named /proc/hello_world that will produce Hello, world. when read:

cat /proc/hello_world

Hello, world.

You can create many more /proc files from the same driver, add routines to allow writing to /proc files, create directories full of /proc files, and more. For anything more complicated than this driver, it is easier and safer to use the seq_file helper routines when writing /proc interface routines. For further reading, see Driver porting: The seq_file interface.

Hello, World. Using /dev/hello_world

Now we will implement Hello, world. using a device file in /dev, /dev/hello_world. Back in the old days, a device file was a special file created by running a crufty old shell script named MAKEDEV which called the mknod command to create every possible file in /dev, regardless of whether the associated device driver would ever run on that system. The next iteration, devfs, created /dev files when they were first accessed, which led to many interesting locking problems and wasteful attempts to open device files to see if the associated device existed. The current version of /dev support is called udev, since it creates /dev links with a userspace program. When kernel modules register devices, they appear in the sysfs file system, mounted on /sys. A userspace program, udev, notices changes in /sys and dynamically creates /dev entries according to a set of rules usually located in /etc/udev/.

Download the hello world module tarball. We ll go through hello_dev.c.

As we can see from looking at the necessary header files, creating a device requires quite a bit more kernel support than our previous methods. fs.h includes the definitions for a file operations structure, which we must fill out and attach to our /dev file. miscdevice.h includes support for registering a miscellaneous device file. asm/uaccess.h includes functions for testing whether we can read or write to userspace memory without violating permissions.

hello_read is the function called when a process calls read on /dev/hello. It writes Hello, world. to the buffer passed in the read call.

static ssize_t hello_read struct file file, char buf,

size_t count, loff_t ppos

if count len

if ppos. 0

Besides copying the string to the user provided buffer,

this function also checks that the user has permission to

write to the buffer, that it is mapped, etc.

if copy_to_user buf, hello_str, len

Tell the user how much data we wrote.

ppos len;

Next, we create the file operations struct defining what actions to take when the file is accessed. The only file operation we care about is read.

static const struct file_operations hello_fops

. owner THIS_MODULE,

. read hello_read,

;

Now, create the structure containing the information needed to register a miscellaneous device with the kernel.

static struct miscdevice hello_dev

We don t care what minor number we end up with, so tell the

kernel to just pick one.

MISC_DYNAMIC_MINOR,

Name ourselves /dev/hello.

hello,

What functions to call when a program performs file

operations on the device.

hello_fops

As usual, we register the device in the module s initialization function.

int ret;

Create the hello device in the /sys/class/misc directory.

Udev will automatically create the /dev/hello device using

the default rules.

ret misc_register hello_dev ;

if ret

Unable to register Hello, world. misc device n ;

return ret;

And remember to unregister the device in the exit function.

misc_deregister hello_dev ;

MODULE_VERSION dev ;

Compile and load the module:

cd hello_dev

sudo insmod. /hello_dev.ko

Now there is a device named /dev/hello that will produce Hello, world. when read by root:

sudo cat /dev/hello

But we can t read it as a regular user:

cat /dev/hello

cat: /dev/hello: Permission denied

ls -l /dev/hello

crw-rw---- 1 root root 10, 61 2007-06-20 /dev/hello

This is what happens with the default udev rule, which says that when a miscellaneous device appears, create a file named /dev/ and give it permissions 0660 owner and group have read-write access, everyone else has no access. We would really like instead for the device be readable by regular users and have a link to it named /dev/hello_world. In order to do this, we ll write a udev rule.

The udev rule has to do two things: create a symbolic link and change the permissions on device to make world readable. The rule that accomplishes this is:

KERNEL hello, SYMLINK hello_world, MODE 0444

We ll break the rule down into parts and explain each part.

KERNEL hello says to execute the rest of the rule when a device with a name the same as this string the operator means comparison appears in /sys. The hello device appeared when we called misc_register with a structure containing the device name hello. See the result for yourself in /sys:

ls -d /sys/class/misc/hello/

/sys/class/misc/hello/

SYMLINK hello_world says to add the operator means append hello_world to the list of symbolic links that should be created when the device appears. In our case, we know this is the only symbolic link in the list, but other devices may have multiple udev rules that create multiple different symbolic links, so it is good practice add to the list instead of assigning to it.

MODE 0444 says to set the permissions of the original device file to the 0444 mode, which allows owner, group, and world all to read the file.

In general, it is very important to use the correct operator , , or , or unexpected things will happen.

Now that we understand what the rule does, let s install it in the /etc/udev directory. Udev rules files are arranged in much the same manner as the System V init scripts in /etc/init.d/. Udev executes every script the udev rules directory, /etc/udev/rules.d, in alphabetical/numerical order. Like System V init scripts, the files in the /etc/udev/rules.d directory are usually symbolic links to the real rules files, with the symbolic links named so that the rules will be executed in the correct order.

Copy the hello.rules file from the hello_dev directory into the /etc/udev/ directory and create a link to it that will be executed before any other rules file:

sudo cp hello.rules /etc/udev/

sudo ln -s. ./hello.rules /etc/udev/rules.d/010_hello.rules

Now, reload the hello world driver and look at the new /dev entries:

sudo rmmod hello_dev

ls -l /dev/hello

cr--r--r-- 1 root root 10, 61 2007-06-19 /dev/hello

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 5 2007-06-19 /dev/hello_world - hello

Now we have /dev/hello_world. Finally, check that you can read the Hello, world. devices as a normal user:

cat /dev/hello_world

For more details on writing udev rules, see Writing udev rules, by Daniel Drake.

Valerie Henson

is a Linux consultant specializing in file systems, and maintainer of the TCP/IP Drinking Game.

Return to LinuxDevCenter.com.

Comments on this article

1 to 7 of 7

udev rules

2010-06-18 :27 

Helmik

View

Too many

2009-04-08 :39 

jsnx

Error during insmod hello_proc

2007-11-30 :54 

georgeneil

Small problem in hello_proc.c.

2007-07-08 :15 

stderr.dk

2007-07-08 :27 

valhenson

Thanks

2007-07-07 :06 

bartvan deenen

2009-12-13 :31 

noway2

When insmod. /hello_world.ko, I receive Segmentation Fault

2007-07-06 :35 

mvd

2007-07-06 :19 

No mention of the freely available LDD3 online.

2007-07-06 :27 

EdLolington

1 to 7 of 7.

This article is intended to be a quickstart guide for building, loading, and debugging a simple device driver for a 64-bit Windows 7 system. Basic familiarity with device driver development and kernel debugging is assumed. For more of an introduction I recommend Toby Opferman s articles at CodeProject which are still mostly relevant despite being several years old. Also, as a security professional my interest and expertise with device drivers is limited to the use of kernel-mode code to modify operating system behavior, rather than interfacing with actual hardware devices.

Instructions are provided for using WinDbg for remote kernel debugging to a VirtualBox virtual machine. The procedure is similar for using VMware and other virtualization software. Note that running a 64-bit guest operating system in a virtual machine requires a CPU which supports hardware-assisted virtualization Intel-VT or AMD-V. I ended up having to upgrade the processor in one of my systems after finding out that it lacked Intel-VT support. It also may be necessary to go into the BIOS setup and ensure that the hardware virtualization is enabled.

Differences

There are several differences from earlier versions of Windows affecting device driver developers:

Driver Signing. 64-bit Windows systems will not allow drivers to be loaded unless they have a valid digital signature, which requires a signing key to be purchased from Microsoft. This is only made available to approved vendors and is not really an option for the hobbyist or researcher. For development and testing there is an option that can be selected from the boot menu to disable driver signing requirements. This cannot be made the default and must be manually selected at every boot. This is a nuisance for driver developers but is generally a good thing as it makes it harder for malware writers to install kernel rootkits.

Debugging Message Filtering. Beginning with Vista including 32-bit versions, all debugging messages printed by drivers are not necessarily displayed in the kernel debugger. Rather, the system must be configured to display messages matching certain criteria.

Kernel Patch Protection PatchGuard. Modifying certain kernel data structures is no longer allowed, again in an effort to crack down on kernel rootkits. Drivers that rely on certain techniques for hooking system calls may need to use an alternate approach. For details see Microsoft s Patching Policy for x64-Based Systems.

Sample Code

In addition to the minimal DriverEntry and DriverUnload routines, this sample driver also implements a Device I/O Control IOCTL interface for communicating from user to kernel mode.

//testdrv.c

include

define DEVICE_NAME L Device Testdrv

define DOS_DEVICE_NAME L DosDevices Testdrv

//numeric value 0x22a001

define IOCTL_TESTDRV CTL_CODE FILE_DEVICE_UNKNOWN, 0x800, METHOD_IN_DIRECT, FILE_WRITE_DATA

//macros for OACR

DRIVER_INITIALIZE DriverEntry;

DRIVER_UNLOAD TestdrvUnload;

__drv_dispatchType IRP_MJ_CREATE

__drv_dispatchType IRP_MJ_CLOSE

__drv_dispatchType IRP_MJ_DEVICE_CONTROL

DRIVER_DISPATCH TestdrvDispatch;

pragma alloc_text INIT, DriverEntry

pragma alloc_text PAGE, TestdrvUnload

pragma alloc_text PAGE, TestdrvDispatch

//log message with filter mask IHVDRIVER and severity level INFO

void DebugInfo char str

DbgPrintEx DPFLTR_IHVDRIVER_ID, DPFLTR_INFO_LEVEL, testdrv: s n, str ;

NTSTATUS TestdrvDispatch PDEVICE_OBJECT DeviceObject, PIRP Irp

PIO_STACK_LOCATION iostack;

NTSTATUS status STATUS_NOT_SUPPORTED;

PCHAR buf;

ULONG len;

PAGED_CODE ;

iostack IoGetCurrentIrpStackLocation Irp ;

switch iostack- MajorFunction

case IRP_MJ_CREATE:

case IRP_MJ_CLOSE:

status STATUS_SUCCESS;

break;

case IRP_MJ_DEVICE_CONTROL:

if iostack- Parameters.DeviceIoControl.IoControlCode IOCTL_TESTDRV

len iostack- Parameters.DeviceIoControl.InputBufferLength;

buf PCHAR Irp- AssociatedIrp.SystemBuffer;

//verify null-terminated and print string to debugger

if buf len-1 0

DebugInfo buf ;

else

status STATUS_INVALID_PARAMETER;

default:

status STATUS_INVALID_DEVICE_REQUEST;

Irp- IoStatus.Status status;

Irp- IoStatus.Information 0;

IoCompleteRequest Irp, IO_NO_INCREMENT ;

return status;

VOID TestdrvUnload PDRIVER_OBJECT DriverObject

UNICODE_STRING dosdev;

DebugInfo driver unloading ;

RtlInitUnicodeString dosdev, DOS_DEVICE_NAME ;

IoDeleteSymbolicLink dosdev ;

IoDeleteDevice DriverObject- DeviceObject ;

NTSTATUS DriverEntry PDRIVER_OBJECT DriverObject,

PUNICODE_STRING RegistryPath

UNICODE_STRING devname, dosname;

PDEVICE_OBJECT devobj;

NTSTATUS status;

DebugInfo driver initializing ;

DriverObject- MajorFunction IRP_MJ_CREATE TestdrvDispatch;

DriverObject- MajorFunction IRP_MJ_CLOSE TestdrvDispatch;

DriverObject- MajorFunction IRP_MJ_DEVICE_CONTROL TestdrvDispatch;

DriverObject- DriverUnload TestdrvUnload;

RtlInitUnicodeString devname, DEVICE_NAME ;

RtlInitUnicodeString dosname, DOS_DEVICE_NAME ;

status IoCreateDevice DriverObject, 0, devname, FILE_DEVICE_UNKNOWN,

FILE_DEVICE_SECURE_OPEN, FALSE, devobj ;

if . NT_SUCCESS status

DebugInfo error creating device ;

status IoCreateSymbolicLink dosname, devname ;

DebugInfo error creating symbolic link ;

return STATUS_SUCCESS;

Building

There are two additional files required to build a device driver: sources and makefile the file names do not have extensions. sources should contain the following lines:

TARGETNAME testdrv

TARGETTYPE DRIVER

SOURCES testdrv.c

makefile only needs to contain this one line:

.INCLUDE NTMAKEENV makefile.def

Build the driver as follows:

Of course the Windows Driver Kit WDK must be installed. The WDK also includes the Debugging Tools for Windows WinDbg.

From the Windows Driver Kit start menu group, launch the command-line build environment for the desired target platform and architecture, e.g. Windows 7 x64 Checked Build Environment.

Change to the directory containing  testdrv.c, sources, and makefile, and enter the command build.

If all goes well the driver file testdrv.sys will be built in a subdirectory named according the selected platform and architecture, e.g. objchk_win7_amd64.

By default the WDK will start a program called OACR Auto Code Review that will display an icon in the taskbar and automatically detect when a driver is being built and analyze the code for common programming errors. There are some declarations in the testdrv.c source code for preventing OACR warning messages. For details see Microsoft Auto Code Review.

Debugging Message Filtering

Note in the sample source code that the DbgPrintEx function is used with additional parameters, as opposed to the standard DbgPrint. The additional parameters are the Component ID and Severity Level. Only the component IDs defined in dpfilter.h that start with DPFLTR_IHV_ should be used by driver developers. IHV stands for Independent Hardware Vendor, i.e. any third-party non-Microsoft driver.

This example uses the generic DPFLTR_IHVDRIVER but other more specific IDs are available for video/audio/network/etc. drivers. The severity level can technically be any 32-bit number but standard constants exist for ERROR, WARNING, TRACE, and INFO levels corresponding to the numeric values 0, 1, 2, and 3, respectively. ERROR should only be used to indicate a truly serious error, but otherwise it is a matter of preference. This example logs everything at INFO level.

For each Component ID, the system maintains a kernel variable named Kd__Mask which is a 32-bit number representing a bit mask for the severity levels of debugging messages that should be displayed. For example, if bit 3 in this variable is set to 1, then INFO level messages will come through. The full list of these variables can be seen in WinDbg with this command:

kd x nt.Kd_ _Mask

fffff800 02e03198 nt.Kd_LDR_Mask

fffff800 02e031ec nt.Kd_WDI_Mask

fffff800 02e0304c nt.Kd_SETUP_Mask

fffff800 02e03150 nt.Kd_DMIO_Mask

The current value of the IHVDRIVER mask can be displayed as follows it should be zero by default :

kd dd nt.Kd_IHVDRIVER_Mask L1

fffff800 02e03178  00000000

This value can be modified directly in the debugger and will take effect immediately and persist until the system is rebooted. For example, to set the lowest 4 bits and therefore enable debugging messages for levels ERROR thru INFO, set the value to hex 0x0000000f:

kd ed nt.Kd_IHVDRIVER_Mask f

To make this change permanent, create a registry value IHVDRIVER must be uppercase in HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE SYSTEM CurrentControlSet Control Session Manager Debug Print Filter. The value should be a DWORD corresponding to the desired mask, e.g. 0x0000000f. The change will not take effect until the next reboot.

Refer to Reading and Filtering Debugging Messages for more information.

Note that debug messages will not display in the kernel debugger during local kernel debugging no matter what you do. The only options for seeing messages in local kernel debugging are to execute the. dbgprint command periodically or use the DebugView tool from SysInternals.

Test Program

The following user-mode application can be used to invoke the DeviceIoControl IOCTL interface and pass data into the driver.

//ioctltest.c

define UNICODE

define _UNICODE

define DEVICE_NAME L. Testdrv

define IOCTL_CODE 0x22a001

const char message Greetings from user mode ;

void debug char text

LPTSTR msgbuf;

//get error message string for last error

FormatMessage FORMAT_MESSAGE_ALLOCATE_BUFFER FORMAT_MESSAGE_FROM_SYSTEM,

NULL, GetLastError, LANG_USER_DEFAULT,

LPTSTR msgbuf, 0, NULL ;

printf s: S n, text, msgbuf ;

int wmain int argc, wchar_t argv

HANDLE hDevice;

char outBuf 16 ;

DWORD returned;

hDevice CreateFile DEVICE_NAME, GENERIC_READ GENERIC_WRITE,

FILE_SHARE_READ FILE_SHARE_WRITE, NULL, OPEN_EXISTING,

FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL, NULL ;

if hDevice INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE

debug error opening device ;

if 0 DeviceIoControl hDevice, IOCTL_CODE, message, sizeof message,

outBuf, sizeof outBuf, returned, NULL

debug ioctl error ;

CloseHandle hDevice ;

return 0;

Build with:

cl ioctltest.c

Virtual Machine Configuration

This section assumes that Windows 7 64-bit has been installed in a VirtualBox virtual machine. The following steps will prepare the virtual system for driver loading and kernel debugging. First, with the virtual machine powered off, configure the virtual serial port to point to a named pipe for the kernel debugger to connect to:

Next, enable kernel debugging in the Boot Configuration Database using the built-in bcdedit command line tool, and also configure the boot menu to always display at boot. There is also a nice free GUI tool EasyBCD available for modifying these settings. Start a command prompt with administrator privileges and run the following commands:

bcdedit /set current debug yes

bcdedit /set bootmgr displaybootmenu yes

Run bcdedit with no parameters to confirm the current configuration.

Finally, reboot the virtual machine. When the boot menu is displayed, press F8 and then select Disable Driver Signature Enforcement from the menu.

Attaching Debugger

This section assumes that debugging symbols have already been configured in WinDbg on the host system. For more information see Debugging Tools and Symbols on MSDN. Launch WinDbg on the host system, select File- Kernel Debug and specify the following settings:

Press Ctrl-Break or select Debug- Break from the menu and wait patiently. Kernel debugging over the virtual serial port is SLOW – it may take several seconds before any feedback is received at all from the Break request, and may take 30 seconds or more for the prompt to display:

You are seeing this message because you pressed either

CTRL C if you run kd.exe or,

CTRL BREAK if you run WinDBG,

on your debugger machine s keyboard.

THIS IS NOT A BUG OR A SYSTEM CRASH

If you did not intend to break into the debugger, press the g key, then

press the Enter key now. This message might immediately reappear. If it

does, press g and Enter again.

nt.DbgBreakPointWithStatus:

fffff800 026c87a0 cc int 3

This confirms that kernel debugging is working. If nothing happens, double-check the virtual serial port settings, debug boot configuration, and WinDbg connection settings.

Configure the debugging message filter mask as previously discussed:

Finally, enter g at the prompt to resume execution of the virtual machine.

Testing driver

Copy the testdrv.sys driver to the virtual machine using the drag-and-drop or shared folder support. Also copy over the test program ioctltest.exe.

The driver can be installed using the built-in Windows command-line tool sc.exe. This can also be done using the GUI tool OSRLoader available from OSR Online free registration required. To use sc.exe, start a command prompt with administrative privileges and run the following commands replacing c: testdrv.sys with the path where testdrv.sys is located on the virtual machine :

sc create testdrv binPath c: testdrv.sys type kernel

Note that the spaces after the equals signs are required. A pop-up warning may be received about the driver not having a valid digital signature, which can be ignored. The sc create command only needs to be run once, and from then on the driver can be just be started and stopped as desired. All the sc create command does is create the necessary registry entries under HKLM System CurrentControlSet Services testdrv. The registry entries can be removed if needed with sc delete testdrv.

To load the driver:

sc start testdrv

If the driver starts successfully, the following message should be seen in the kernel debugger if the message is not seen, double-check the filter mask settings :

testdrv: driver initializing

Next, run ioctltest.exe and the following output should be seen in the debugger:

testdrv: Greetings from user mode

The driver can be unloaded with sc stop and the following message should be seen:

testdrv: driver unloading.

Patch Pocket Dungarees

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Levi s are usually associated with the 19th-century San Francisco firm of Levi Strauss Co., which made the famous, blue, copper-riveted waist overalls, as pants were originally known, and sold them to miners in the gold fields of California. When introduced in 1873, the pants were labeled as XX, which was a textile-industry designation for fabric of the highest quality. By 1890, the jeans were named after their lot number, 501.

It s hard to imagine now, but Levi products from jeans to jackets to shirts were not sold east of the Mississippi River until the 1950s. Still, throughout its history, Levi s had strong connections to the east coast, thanks to the fact that its sources of cotton duck and blue denim were based there.

The company s first supplier of denim was the Amoskeag Manufacturing Company of New Hampshire, whose fabric was designed for the wear and tear of outdoor work. By 1922, Levi was buying all of its denim from Cone Mills of North Carolina.

For collectors of vintage jeans, Levi s 501s are a rich category. The first pants featured buttons for suspenders and copper rivets at the pockets in the beginning, there was only one pocket in the back. By 1886, a leather patch with a picture of a pair of horses trying to pull the pants apart was sewn onto the back of the pants at the waist. A second back pocket was added in about 1901 and belt loops appeared in 1922 the pants would sport both loops and suspender buttons until 1937.

In the 1930s, Hollywood stoked the nationwide demand for Levi s as stars from John Wayne to Cary Cooper to Bing Crosby wore the apparel at work in other words, in the movies or at play. By the end of the decade, Levi s was marketing a complete line of Dude Ranch Duds for men and women.

The push east in the 1950s caused changes to the now-famous 501s. For example, until 1954, all Levi s 501s had button-up flies, but as the brand moved into New England and the Southeast, customers there demanded zippers so a 501Z was introduced. That was also the year Levi s introduced its classic Sawtooth shirt, so named for the jagged shape of the stitching on the shirt s breast pockets.

The red tab on a pair of 501s right-back pocket is another way of dating a pair of Levi s. When these tabs first appeared in 1936, the word LEVI S was stitched into the tab. Tabs from the early 1950s have the word stitched on both sides, and by 1971, only the letter L was being capitalized.

Other landmarks in Levi s history include the introduction of pre-shrunk Levi s in 1963 and the enshrinement of a pair of 501s in the collection of the Smithsonian Institution in 1964.

About our sources Got something to add. Expand to read the full article.

82865g Graphic Controller Driver

Description

Type

OS

Version

Date

OpenGL Support Web Link

Documentation

Support compatibility information for OpenGL

Documentation

OS Independent

1.0

Latest

11/6/2013

11/6/2013

Intel Graphics Drivers for Linux

Drivers

Availability information on the Intel graphics drivers for Linux

Drivers

Linux

--

8/29/2013

8/29/2013

Intel Graphics Driver - Linux IntelGraphics_060704.tar.gz

Intel Graphics driver for Linux includes AGP GART and DRM kernel modules

20041217

12/19/2012

12/19/2012

Graphics Driver WINNT41361.ZIP

Installs drivers for the integrated graphics controller of Intel chipsets. This is not to be used if the system has a third party graphics card.

Windows NT 4.0

13.6.1

6/8/2012

6/8/2012

Graphics Driver WINNT41361.EXE

Installs drivers for the integrated graphics controller of Intel chipsets. This is not to be used if the system has a third party graphics card.

Intel R Extreme Graphics 2 driver

Installs graphics driver version 13.6.1 for the integrated graphics controller of Intel chipsets for Windows 98SE and Millenium Edition.

Windows 98 SE

Windows Me

4/23/2012

4/23/2012

Older Intel Graphics Controllers and Microsoft Windows 7

Driver information on older Intel Graphics Controllers and Microsoft Windows 7

Windows 7 Enterprise, 32-bit

Windows 7 Enterprise, 64-bit

Windows 7 Home Basic, 32-bit

11 more

Intel Graphics Media Accelerator Driver exe

Installs drivers for the integrated graphics controller of Intel Chipsets. This is not to be used if the system has a third party graphics card.

Windows 2000

Windows XP Home Edition

Windows XP Media Center Edition

Windows XP Professional

14.17

Graphics Driver WIN9X1361.ZIP

Current

Intel Graphics Media Accelerator Driver zip

Installs drivers for the integrated graphics controller of Intel chipsets. This file is intended for use by Developers.

Intel Extreme Graphics - Linux 20030425-i386.TAR.GZ

Intel Extreme Graphics driver for Linux includes AGP GART and DRM kernel modules

20030425

Previously Released

Intel Graphics - Linux RPM

Software Archives

Intel Graphics driver for Linux

Software Archives

Intel Extreme Graphics - Linux RPM

20040607 - rpm

Intel Extreme Graphics - Linux DRIPKG-1.0-4.I386.RPM

1.0-4

Intel Extreme Graphics - Linux 20030212-I386-LINUX.TAR.GZ

20030212

Intel R Graphics Driver - Linux Intel-3.4.3006-20051209.i386.tar.gz

Intel Graphics Driver for Linux

3.4.3006

Graphics Driver WIN2K_XP1416.ZIP

14.16

Graphics Driver WIN2K_XP1416.EXE

Intel R Graphics Driver - Linux IntelGraphics_060704.tar.gz

20040607

Graphics Driver WINNT4136.EXE

Intel graphics driver for Windows NT 4 SP6.

13.6

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Intel(R) 82865G Graphics Controller

Drivers & Software

Download the latest drivers for your Intel R 82865G Graphics Controller to keep your Computer up-to-date.

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• Installs drivers for the integrated graphics controller of Intel chipsets. Driver information on older Intel Graphics Controllers and Microsoft Windows 7.
• Driver Details. For more downloads go to the Drivers and downloads. 82865G Graphics Controller. Installation instructions. My download lists. Sign In.
• Intel R 82865G Graphics Controller free driver download for 2000 XP W2k3. If you can t find the driver that is necessary for your operational system, you can.
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High Speed Laser Diode Driver

Laser Diode High Speed Pulse Driver. Linear Design Inc. provides excellent standard and custom laser diode high speed pulse drivers. Examples of the solutions they.

This is another one of my belated updates. It has been about 3 months now since I ve received the boards for the updated version of the laser diode driver from Olimex.

Product I out, max PW t r Max. PRF kHz GPIB High-Speed Socket for DUT; AVO-9C-C laser diode driver: 0.1 A: 0.5-10 ns: 0.3 ns: 25 MHz : YES: AVO-9A-B laser diode driver.

Introduction

The commercial and industrial use of laser diodes has dramatically increased recently. The optical characteristics, small size, and ruggedness of laser diodes have allowed many new uses to be commercialized.

The output of laser diodes is very bright considering their small size. Today, hundreds of watts of power are commercially available from laser diodes operating under continuous wave CW conditions in packages as small as a few cubic inches. This characteristic makes these devices suitable for cable TV transmission, high definition TV HDTV development, and medical applications.

In addition, compared to other types of lasers, laser diodes use very little power. Most laser diodes operate with voltage drops of less than 2 V with power requirements determined by their current setting. Overall efficiencies greater than 30 are typical in the case of laser diodes.

Since laser diodes are made of semiconductor materials, they do not require the fragile glass enclosures or mirror alignment typical of gas lasers. The resulting ruggedness and small size allow laser diodes to be used in environments and spaces in which other types of lasers cannot operate.

Coherence and single wavelength characteristics of laser diodes enable the outputs of these devices to be focused to a diffraction limited spot size. The size of the resultant spot is dependent on the wavelength of the laser - the shorter the wavelength of light, the smaller the size of the spot that can be generated. Operation at shorter blue and UV wavelengths makes smaller spot sizes possible, consequently allowing more information to be stored on optical disks at a higher density.

Another advantage of laser diodes is that they can be directly modulated at high frequencies. By modulating the drive current, the output of the laser diode is modulated with frequencies up to several GHz in high-speed data communications.

Various Types of Laser Diodes

Low-Power Laser Diodes see Laser Diode, TO-56/9, Blue, Visible, Infrared

Low-power laser diodes come in a variety of packages. Most have a monitor photodiode integrated with the laser diode. Generally, laser diodes emit light from both ends of their cavity. By monitoring the rear facet output beam of the laser diode, one can maintain the laser at a constant power level. For power levels in the range of 1 W or less, the most common package used is the TO-Can style and is available in either a 5.6 mm or 9 mm diameter base Figure 1. Other packages include TO-3 packages for higher power laser diodes 1 W. Figure 1 Laser diode and monitor photodiode arrangement in can-style package.

Telecommunication laser diodes come in either butterfly or DIL Dual-In-Line 14-pin packages Figure 2. Most include both a thermo-electric cooler TEC module, and all include a mounting plate for heat dissipation. a b

Figure 2 Two varieties of telecommunication laser diodes: a dual-in-line 14 pin, and b butterfly package.

Many other packages are used including coaxial cans for pulsed laser diodes and a variety of fiber optic pigtailed packages with CD/DVD style laser diodes integrated into a custom designed housing that includes focusing optics and a fiber output.

Other structures include Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers VCSEL and Master Oscillator Power Amplifier MOPA lasers. VCSEL laser diodes Figure 3 can be fabricated in 2-D arrays for use in optical computing, printing and communications. Their laser structure has a circular aperture allowing the output beam to be easily collimated using a simple spherical lens. MOPA lasers have been developed to increase the output power of single-mode laser diodes while maintaining a narrow line width. These laser diode structures have an oscillator section that produces a very narrow spectral output, and an integrated power amplifier section that increases the output power without affecting the spectral output.Figure 3 Scanning electron micrograph of a 2-dimensional VCSEL array. Photo by Axel Scherer, courtesy of Picolight, Inc., Boulder, Colorado.

Applications requiring narrower spectral linewidths need structures that confine the laser s oscillations to a single-mode. Index guided devices provide the necessary confinement that result in single-mode output beams with little or no astigmatism. However, divergence of the light emitting from a laser diode is very pronounced with full width half maximum FWHM angles of up to 40 degrees in the perpendicular axis θ and 10 degrees in the parallel axis θ. This divergence results in a rapidly expanding elliptical cone. Gain-guided laser diodes tend to have greater differences between the two angles than index-guided laser diodes. Figure 4 illustrates beam divergence in the theta parallel and theta perpendicular axes.Figure 4 Schematic representation of an index guided device and its diverging output beam profile.

Single frequency laser diodes are another interesting member of the laser diode family. These devices are now available to meet the requirements for spectroscopy and high bandwidth communications. Other advantages of these structures are lower threshold currents and lower power requirements. One variety of this type of structure is the distributed feedback DFB laser diode Figure 5. It has been developed to emit light at fiber optic communication wavelengths between 1300 nm and 1550 nm.Figure 5 Various single frequency semiconductor lasers: DFB, DBR, and external grating devices.

Since lasers emit light over a narrow wavelength range, they can also be used for sensing and spectroscopy. Examples include the detection of trace gases, and elements that react to light at very defined wavelengths. By proper selection and wavelength tuning of a laser diode one can detect these elements.

High-Power Laser Diodes

More recently high-power laser diodes operating in the wavelength range of about 0.8 1.1 micron have been getting much attention due to their widespread applications. These lasers are used in optical pumping of solid-state lasers, such as the Nd:YAG, replacing traditional flash lamp designs. High-power laser diodes are tuned to the absorption band of the dielectric crystal resulting in much more efficient pumping of the laser rod, from which a high-power focused coherent beam of light is emitted. This beam can then be used in a variety of industrial, medical, and military applications. Laser diodes have been developed to match the absorption bands of a variety of dielectric crystals in a broad wavelength range. Figure 6 shows two common variations of high-power laser diode packages. a Bar-Type b S-Type

Figure 6. High-power laser diode packages

Figure 6 Two common high-power laser diode packages.

In addition to applications involving the pumping of solid-state laser rods, high-power laser diodes are also very useful for fiber optic telecommunication purposes. In these applications, a high-power laser diode operating at the wavelength of 980 nm is used as a pump source for erbium doped fiber amplifiers. Such optical amplifiers are used in direct optical amplification of the 1550 nm wavelength telecommunication signals propagating along the long haul telecommunication lines. In this fashion, the need to use electrical amplifying circuits is eliminated and the optical signals are directly amplified, with greater efficiency, and without the need to convert the light signal to an electrical signal and back.

By stacking several high-power laser diode bars on top of one another, it is possible to make stacked laser diode arrays Figure 7 with output powers potentially in the range of kilowatts. Such devices open up a wide range of new possibilities in such applications as industrial welding and precision cutting of metals and various other materials.Figure 7 Schematic diagram showing a typical high-power stacked bar laser diode package.Opto-Electronic Characteristics

Threshold Current and Threshold Current Density

Perhaps the most important parameter of laser diodes to be measured is the degree to which they emit light when current is injected into the device. This generates the Output Light vs. Input Current Curve, more commonly referred to as the L.I. Curve shown in Figure 8. As the injected current is increased, the laser first demonstrates spontaneous emission that increases very gradually until it begins to emit stimulated radiation, which is the onset of laser action. The first parameter of interest is the exact current value at which this phenomenon takes place. This is typically referred to as the threshold current and is denoted by the symbol Ith. It is generally desirable that the threshold current be as low as possible, resulting in a more efficient device. Thus, a threshold current is one measure used to quantify the performance of a laser diode.Figure 8 A typical Light vs. Current L.I. curve associated with a high-power laser diode. Ith represents the threshold current at which the device begins to lase. The efficiency of the laser in converting electrical power to light power is determined by the slope of the L.I. curve, denoted by the change in output power over the change in current ΔP/ΔI. The inset schematically shows a broad area 100 µm wide stripe laser diode emitting radiation from both its front and back mirror facets.

Threshold current is dependent on the quality of the semiconductor material from which the device is fabricated, and also the general design of the structure of the device waveguide. However, threshold current is also dependent on the size and area of the laser device. One laser diode could demonstrate a much higher threshold current than another device and yet be considered a much better laser. This is because the area of the device can be large. A laser that is wider or longer obviously requires more electrical power to reach the onset of laser action than a laser of a smaller area. As a result, when comparing the threshold current values of different devices, it is more appropriate to talk about threshold current density rather than threshold current. Threshold current density is denoted by the symbol Jth and is determined by dividing the experimentally obtained threshold current value Ith by the area of the laser. It is always desirable for a laser to have a low threshold current density value. Threshold current density is one of the parameters that is a direct indication of the quality of the semiconductor material from which the device is fabricated. In comparing the performance of various laser devices one must compare the threshold current density values rather than the threshold current values. In calculating the current density of the laser, it is necessary to accurately measure the area of the laser through which current is being injected. This is only possible in broad area type lasers with stripe widths on the order of 100 microns or more. In such cases, the area through which the current is flowing is very much the same as the area of the metallic contact of the laser. In cases of ridge lasers the width of the ridge is only a few microns while, due to current spreading, the actual width of the channel through which current is flowing could be considerably more. This makes it impractical to accurately determine current density values in cases of narrow stripe ridge lasers.

Slope of the L.I. Curve

Just as it is desirable to reach laser action at as low a threshold current as possible, it is also desirable to get more and more light out of the device with the expenditure of as little current as possible. In other words, you would want to be able to increase the input current slowly and yet achieve rapid increase in the output light emission. A laser diode, which has a good rate of converting the input electric power to output light power, is obviously a device that is performing well. A direct measure of the ability of the device to do this is the slope of the L.I. curve. This slope is denoted as ΔP/ΔI and has the units of Watts per Amperes W/A, or in the case of low-power lasers mW/mA. ΔP/ΔI, which is the slope of the L.I. curve above the threshold current Ith, directly tells us how many Watts of power the laser outputs for every 1 Amp increase in its input current. Other important parameters are typically extracted from measurement of the ΔP/ΔI parameter. These include the External Differential Quantum Efficiency, Internal Quantum Efficiency, and Internal Loss parameters. Please refer to Newport s Application Notes for an in-depth discussion of these topics and the description of the experimental setups and calculation procedures needed to accurately determine the above-mentioned parameters.

Characteristic Temperature

In most applications, the ability of the laser diode to perform well at elevated temperatures is of great interest. This is especially of concern in the case of high-power laser diodes where the amount of power generated causes the device temperature to rise significantly. As a result, it is of utmost importance for the semiconductor crystal to be robust enough so as not to suffer from device deterioration at high temperatures. The characteristic temperature of the laser diode, which is commonly referred to as To pronounced T-zero, is a measure of the temperature sensitivity of the device. Higher values of To imply that the threshold current density and the external differential quantum efficiency of the device increase less rapidly with increasing temperatures. This translates into the laser being more thermally stable. In order to measure the characteristic temperature of a laser diode it is necessary to experimentally measure the L.I. curve of a laser at various temperatures. The results are then tabulated and the To determined. Typically, people perform these measurements at temperatures ranging from 15 degrees Celsius up to about 80 degrees Celsius, and at 5 or 10-degree increments. Conventional AlGaAs lasers usually have To values above 120 degrees. Please refer to Newport s Application Notes for more on this topic including the experimental techniques and calculation methods.

Dynamic Series Resistance

The series resistance of the laser diode is typically determined through calculating the derivative of the voltage versus injection current characteristic curve of the device. One way of doing this is to use a computer program to analytically determine the first derivative of the voltage versus current characteristic curve of the device that is obtained experimentally more on this topic in Newport s Application Notes. High series resistance values for a laser diode could be the result of low quality metal ohmic contacts deposited on the two sides of the device. As a result, measurement of the series resistance value can be a means of assessing the quality of the metallic contacts deposited on the laser.

Astigmatism

As laser diodes have evolved over the past fifteen years, various structures have been developed with different characteristics. The first laser diodes used gain-guided structures, which are easy to fabricate, resulting in a reliable device at low manufacturing costs. This type of structure supports multiple modes, resulting in multiple spectral lines and astigmatism. Astigmatism is a condition in which the apparent focal points of the two axes do not coincide. It limits the ability to focus the laser beam to a small spot size Figure 9 and complicates focusing the output beam to a sharp well-defined point.Figure 9 Schematic diagram showing the problem of astigmatism.Polarization

The ratio of the parallel and perpendicular vectors of polarization is called the polarization ratio. Laser diodes can reach polarization ratios of 100 to 1 or more when operated near their maximum output power ratings.

Collimation of Laser Diode Beams

Since the output of a laser diode is highly divergent, special collimating optics are required. Either molded aspheres or multiple element glass lenses have been traditionally used to collimate the output. These lenses typically have a numerical aperture of 0.5 or better to collect the entire laser output beam.

Using lenses, the output light of a laser diode can be formed into a collimated beam with little divergence. Such a highly directional collimated beam of intense light has many uses, such as in the alignment of large structures in civil engineering or in the read head of CD players. Also, due to the coherent nature of laser light, its properties stay the same in space and time. This is useful in interferometric measurements of material deformities.

If a gain-guided laser diode beam is collimated or being focused, then a cylindrical lens is used to account for astigmatism. A long focal length lens is used to compensate for the astigmatism and then the collimating lens can provide a beam that has little divergence in both axes.

The collimated beam is still elliptical and can be circularized using an anamorphic prism pair. Either the major axis is compressed or the minor axis is expanded to make a circular beam.

Focusing the output beam of a laser diode into a single-mode fiber will also result in a circularized output. The fiber acts as a filter since only one mode propagates down the fiber. The output from the fiber is a circular, conical beam with a highly Gaussian shape, and low numerical aperture N.A. 0.1. A simple spherical lens is used to complete the collimation.

Newer techniques for collimating laser diodes include micro lenses and diffraction optics, both resulting in very compact packages. Micro lenses are bonded just in front of the emitting apertures of the laser diode. The complete assembly fits inside the laser diode package. Diffraction optics are manufactured using photolithography techniques that result in high repeatability and extremely low cost in large quantities. The diffraction optics are mounted externally but still result in extremely small laser diode packages.

Optical Spectrum

The optical spectrum of laser diodes depends on the particular characteristics of the laser s optical cavity. Most conventional gain or index-guided devices have a spectrum with multiple peaks, while distributed feedback DFB and distributed Bragg reflector DBR types of devices display a single well-defined spectral peak. Figure 10 shows a comparison between these two spectral behaviors.Figure 10 Multimode versus single-mode spectra

The number of spectral lines that a laser is capable of supporting is a function of the cavity structure, as well as the operating current. The result is that multimode laser diodes exhibit spectral outputs with multiple peaks around their center wavelength. The optical wave propagating through the laser cavity forms a standing wave between the two mirror facets of the laser. The distance L between the two mirrors determines the period of oscillation of this curve. This standing optical wave resonates only when the cavity length L is an integer number m of half wavelengths existing between the two mirrors. In other words, a node must exist at each end of the cavity. The only way this can take place is for L to be exactly a whole number multiple of half wavelengths λ/2. This means that L m λ/2, where λ is the wavelength of light in the semiconductor matter and is related to the wavelength of light in free space through the index of refraction n by the relationship λ λo/n. As a result of this situation, there can exist many longitudinal modes in the cavity of the laser diode, each resonating at its distinct wavelength of λm 2L/m. From this you can note that two adjacent longitudinal laser modes are separated by a wavelength of Δλ λo 2/2nL.

Even single-mode devices can support multiple modes at low output power as shown in Figure 11. As the operating current is increased, one mode begins to dominate until, beyond a certain operating power level, a single narrow line width spectrum appears.Figure 11 Effects of operating current level on the output spectrum.Center Wavelength Changes with Temperature

The center wavelength of a laser diode is directly proportional to its operating temperature. There is a linear relationship between temperature and center wavelength as shown in Figure 12. As temperature increases, so does the center wavelength of the laser diode. This characteristic is useful in spectroscopy applications, laser diode pumping of solid state lasers and erbium-doped fiber amplifiers, where the wavelength of emission of the laser diode can be accurately temperature-tuned to the specific properties of the material with which it is interacting.Figure 12 Effects of temperature on center wavelength.Mode Hopping

Single-mode lasers exhibit a phenomenon called mode hopping Figure 13, in which the center frequency of the laser diode hops over discrete wavelength bands and does not show continuous tuning over a broad range. One can change the wavelength where the discontinuities take place by making small adjustments to the drive current. When selecting a specific laser diode for an application requiring a specific wavelength, such as spectroscopy, mode hopping must be taken into account when temperature tuning the device.Figure 13 Mode hopping observed while temperature tuning a single-mode laser diode.

The operating lifetime of a laser diode is dependent on its operating temperature. A high quality laser diode operating at 20 C could have a lifetime in excess of 100,000 hours. Failure of a laser diode is usually defined as the point in time when the operating current required to maintain a specified output power is increased by some percentage 50 of the initial current. The temperature measured is the case temperature of the laser diode package. The manufacturer usually provides lifetime curves for specified output powers.

Effects of Electrostatic Discharge on Laser Diodes

Laser diodes are extremely sensitive to Electrostatic Discharge ESD and must be handled with care. When handling a laser diode, always follow the manufacturer s instructions for removing the laser diode from its shipping container. You must take care to ensure that your laser diode is properly protected during handling. Generally, operators must be properly earth grounded and should use conductive finger guards when handling a laser diode. All equipment must be properly earth grounded. You should always closely follow the manufacturer s specifications and instructions for proper heat sinking. It is strongly recommended not to solder directly to a laser diode package or its electrical leads. It is best to make all electrical connections to a socket, such as a transistor socket, into which the laser diode can be inserted.

Current Source Requirements for Laser Diodes

Laser diodes require a low noise current source. Standard power supplies usually operate as constant voltage sources and do not have the necessary protection circuits that laser diodes need. They are also too noisy for most laser diode applications. Also, laser diodes are easily damaged from voltage and current fluctuations and transients. Specialized circuit designs have been developed to protect laser diodes from being damaged. The first stage of protection includes input AC power filtering and high-speed transient detection circuits. Low voltage and AC line transient detection circuits, and shielded transformers, provide additional protection.

Momentary internal transients within the power supply may occur when the output current is turned on or off. Laser diode drivers should have the output to the laser diode shorted whenever the output is turned off. This is accomplished by using redundant FET and relay shorting devices across the output. During the turn-on phase, these shorting devices protect the laser diode from both voltage and current transients. After a delay of several seconds, the output current slowly ramps up over several milliseconds to several hundred milliseconds to the set point value.

Another necessary feature of laser diode drivers is the independent current limit. This limit is set separately from the set point value and overrides any condition that may cause the output current to exceed the laser diode s maximum current rating. Some current sources utilize a software programmable power limit that works similarly to the current limit. While the current limit is hardwired, the power limit must be programmed and one must therefore know the responsivity of the photodiode to properly set the power limit. Both work independently to safeguard your laser diodes.

Temperature Control for Laser Diodes

Since many parameters depend on the temperature of the laser diode, it is important to set and maintain a stable temperature. Most laser diode applications use Thermoelectric TE coolers based on the Peltier Effect to maintain a constant temperature. TE modules are semiconductor heat pumps that move heat from one side of the device to the other. Depending on the direction the current flows through the TE cooler, you can either heat or cool a laser diode. Several types of temperature sensors are used: thermistors, I.C. sensors, and platinum resistive temperature devices RTDs. The most commonly used is the thermistor because of its small size and fast response time. Thermistors and RTDs are nonlinear resistance devices. Both require a small accurate current source to bias them. Changes in temperature result in resistance changes, with the voltage drop across the device proportional to temperature. Each device has a characteristic equation that converts resistance to temperature. The Steinhart-Hart equation is used to convert a thermistor s resistance to temperature and uses two or three constants depending on the accuracy required.

I.C. sensors are linear devices whose outputs can easily be converted and displayed in C. Although they are linear, they are not as accurate as thermistors. Figure 14 summarizes each temperature sensor and its advantages. RTDs are primarily used where one needs an extremely stable sensor for very long-term and accurate temperature controlled applications. The major drawback of RTDs is their small resistance change, which makes it difficult to measure small absolute temperature changes.

Thermistors, on the other hand, have extremely large resistance changes, making it easy to measure small changes in temperature. They are also the smallest of the three types of sensors, which make them ideal candidates for integration into laser diode packages. Laser diode packages with integral TE coolers use a 10kΩ thermistor as the temperature-sensing device.

It is often necessary to quantitatively assess the quality, performance, and characteristics of laser diodes. This is done through performing a series of experiments and obtaining various parameters from which we can determine how well the laser diode is performing. It is then possible to establish whether the laser diode meets the desired specifications.

Figure 15 shows an example of an experimental laboratory setup that can be used to perform full characterization of high-power laser diodes accurately and rapidly. This setup can be fully automated by using a PC and control software such as LabView for full automation of the instrumentation control and data acquisition.Figure 14 Comparison of commonly used temperature sensors.

The centerpiece of this experimental setup is the Laser Diode Mount see High-Power Laser Diode Mounts and and the Integrating Sphere Detector System Integrating Sphere Detectors. The Laser Diode Mount is designed to provide simple air-cooling for high-power laser diodes.Figure 15 A typical computer controlled laser diode test and characterization setup.

In laser diode measurements, the use of an integrating sphere setup is absolutely necessary when performing precise measurements of the output light power. Laser diodes have a highly divergent beam profile and the use of an integrating sphere ensures that all of the light emitted by the laser diode is collected and measured. In addition, it makes the measurement insensitive to exact detector positioning. The signal generated by the detector is then measured with a calibrated optical power meter. This setup makes it possible to accurately measure the output light of laser diodes of various wavelengths. The Optical Measurement System is generally computer controlled using GPIB or USB.

In addition, the Integrating Sphere could be equipped with a fiber optic port. This is used for sampling the light and channeling it to the input of an optical spectrum analyzer. In this fashion, it is possible to perform simultaneous measurements of the laser diode optical spectrum and peak wavelength of emission, in addition to the L.I.V characteristics.

The process of packaging laser diodes is very labor intensive and an expensive part of the manufacturing of these devices. Because of this, it is generally necessary to fully assess the quality of the semiconductor wafers from which the laser diodes are fabricated prior to full device manufacturing. In addition to a series of structural, electrical, and optical characterization tests that the wafers undergo, most often broad area lasers are also processed from the wafers and then tested in order to determine whether the wafer is a Device Quality Wafer or not. This prevents low quality material to be used for manufacturing of devices. Since these devices are tested without being bonded on heat sinks, and are not fully packaged, it is absolutely necessary that all testing and characterization is done under low duty cycle pulse current conditions. In this fashion, heat dissipation is not an issue and it is possible to determine the characteristics of the devices without the need to fully package them. Figure 16 shows the experimental setup for the characterization of laser diodes under pulse condition. Note that in this case, a probe station is used to probe and inject current into each device and the laser diode driver is a current pulse generator.Figure 16 Typical experimental setup using a probe station arrangement for pulse characterization of laser diode chips and laser diode bars not mounted onto heatsinks.

Using such experimental setups it is possible to perform full laser diode testing and characterization; leading to the determination of such significant parameters as the threshold current and threshold current density, external differential quantum efficiency, internal quantum efficiency, internal loss, spectrum and peak wavelength of emission, series resistance, and characteristic temperature.

Please call Newport to obtain our series of Application Notes on Testing and Characterization of Laser Diodes, or check out our website at www.newport.com.

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Dell Driver Software Bluetooth

Bluetooth driver updates. System Information: Drivers are pieces of software that allow the computer itself to interact with a hardware device.

This package provides the driver for Dell 1703/1705 WiFi BT and is suppported on Inspiron and Vostro Notebook that are running the following windows operating.

Read on to know about why are drivers required and where can you find the correct and relevant Dell wireless and Bluetooth drivers for your Windows 7/Windows 8 PC.

Dell laptop bluetooth driver, Realtek AC97 Audio Driver A4.06, High Definition Audio Driver 2K/XP/2K3 R2.68, Bluetooth Driver Installer 1.0.0.76.

For instructions to download and install Bluetooth Adapter Driver:

Save any work and close all programs.

Browse to the Drivers and Downloads page.

Click Enter your Service Tag to get a concise list of drivers for your specific product model. Click Go to continue.

Note: If the Service Tag is not available, under Select a Product, select the appropriate Product Type, Brand and Product Model.

Click Drivers downloads, select the desired Operating System from the drop-down boxes.

Using the drop-down boxes under Category, select Network.

Click the down arrow next to Network.

Click Wireless Bluetooth Module.

Click Download. You may receive a warning and an option to run or save the file.

Click Save.

When the Save As window appears, designate a folder to save the file that is being downloaded and click Save. The download progress window displays.

When the download is complete, follow the prompts.

Right-click the Bluetooth icon the lower right corner of the screen, and then click Start using Bluetooth except for the for the 350 and 360 Bluetooth adapters, follow any instructions.

Article ID: SLN113225

Last Date Modified: 07/20/2015 AM.

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Hagstrom Serial Number Lookup

In the beginig there was only accordions. From january 1925 until the summer of 1958 the main business of the Hagstrom company was based on accordions. There was some acoustic guitars produced in Oslo, Norway and a couple of Hawaiian lap steel guitars built in Falun, Sweden in the late 1940 s. After a journey to the US in 1958 Albin Hagström s oldest son Karl Erik Hagström came back to Sweden stating that the accordion era was comming towards an end and that the future was rock n roll and that Rock music demanded electric guitars insted of accordions. After some research, witch included taking a Gibson Les Paul Goldtop apart Hagstrom was the Scandinavian Gibson distributor at that time, the head designer Holger Berglund and his right hand man Arne Hårdén started to design the first Hagstrom electric guitar.

During the end of 1958 there was a pre-production batch of guitars built. Those instruments probably have their serial numbers stamped in their perloid covered bodys starting from P-001. The first official batch of Hagstrom electric guitars is batch 449. The first part of this batch is Hagstrom De Luxe small model and the last part is the large model witch later became the Hagstrom De Luxe 90. In this first batch there was 200 guitars built from 1958 to 1959. The last batch of Sparkle Pearloid guitars was batch 540 built in 1963.

Guitar models built in the Sparkle Pearliod era

De Luxe smal model, 1958-1959. Basically this is the same model that later became the Standard 80. One big differes is that the small model had the binding on the middle of the side of the body. Known colors: white perloid plastic.Standard Sweetone,  1959 probably the same type of guitar as the Standard 80. Sevral Sweetone guitars have other colors than the white perloid. Known colors: white, red and blue perloid plastic, mahogany front with white perloid plastic back and sides, white pearloid front with blue pearloid sides, back and neck.

Standard 80, 1959-1962. The most common of the Sparkle Pearloid guitars. The finish with white perloid body and neck or white body with black neck. The Standard 80 was built with or without the Hagstrom Tremar tremolosystem. Known colors white perloid plastic, red and blue sparkle front, all black body and neck, mahogany front.

De Luxe 90, 1959-1962. Probably the very first De Luxe 90 guitras were those named Big model in the last part of the first official produced batch, 449 from 1958-1959. Known colors: red, blue some turns more to purple than blue, gold and sea foam green sparkle front, all black body and neck, mahogany front.

Goya 80, export USA, 1960-1962. Same specifications as the Standard 80. The US distributor of Hagstrom considered Hagström to be a hard-to-sell brand name on the US market and therefor used the name Goya insted. Due to the fact that the custom fees were lower on acoustic, or in this case non electric guitars, most of the guitars were delivered without electronics and then assembled in teh US. There was four different electronic units to chose from, P12, one pick up and two buttons, P24 two pick ups and four buttons, P26, and P46. Known colors white perloid plastic, red, blue, gold and champagne sparkle front, all black body and neck, mahogany front.

Goya 90, export USA, 1960-1962. Same specifications as the De Luxe 90, the rest of the  story is the sama as for the Goya 80 above. Known colors: red, blue, gold and champagne sparkle front, all black body and neck, mahogany front.

De Lux Batman,  1962-1963. Also nick named Duck s foot. This is the only guitar designed by Karl Erik Hagstrom himself. The Batman has set neck and came with or without Tremar tremolo. Known colors: red, blue some turns more to purple than blue sparkle front, all black body and neck.

Guitars

Thread: how to date a hagstrom

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Originally Posted by WAB74

Can you date a hagstrom from the serial number. I read recently that the first two numbers are the year, but this seems wrong to me at least sometimes. Is there a rule governing this. Do new Hagstroms follow the same numbering system.

No, Hagstroms can not be dated by the number alone. Hagstrom do publish a serial number book, but if my memory serves the money from the sales of the book goes to the Hagstrom workers pension scheme or something - so I think they ve asked for it not to be reproduced. no idea where I read this - might be wrong in the details.

If you tell me a number I can give you a year

Sorry got not information on the numbering scheme of current Hagstroms

Originally Posted by jules

Originally Posted by fjabjr

serial 873164

873- is a batch of 250 Swedes from 73

You can t tell anything from just looking at the numbers; you have to look this up

Thanks for the reply. So you re saying this could possibly be from 73. Interesting. I m not exactly sure what you mean by have to look this up. How, where. I ve found some websites most already listed in earlier postings in this thread but it s hard to figure out where to go. I ve emailed some folks over in Sweden who seem to know much about Hagstrom so hopefully they ll get back to me.

I haven t taken any photos yet. Will do so soon. The shop I bought it at said there was only one previous owner. The guitar definitely has its fair share of dings and scratches and finish issues. But because the neck just plays so nice and the beast its heavy sounded so great, I didn t care what it looked like. And how can you resist that cool Hagstom headstock and those awesome tuning keys. The orignial owner replaced the hagstrom bridge pu with a Dimarzio have no idea what model but it sounds very sweet. There is also a missing part or twothe string holder cover that I see on most photos of old Swedes is not there and the pu and tone selector switches are missing the plastic caps

I traded in a 2003 Epiphone Dot and 50 for the Swede and couldn t be happier.

Hagstrom Swede, G L Legacy, Fender Telecaster MIM

Trying to find the value of your guitar.

Re: how to date a hagstrom

Wow 75. I would love to know the tale of how this got to the states. I m guessing I bought it in 79 I do remember they sold Ampeg stuff

Thanks jules

Hello Jules,

I just bought a Hagstrom II serial number 652770. Would love to know what year it was produced and any other info you might have. Thanks very much in advance.

Originally Posted by seamus27

Hagstrom II serial number 652770.

This is one of a batch of 1000 Hagstrom IIs produced in 1965. Got a pic you can upload.

Thanks very much, Jules. I didn t think it would be that old. Thinking more 67-70.

I ll get some pics and upload as soon as I can.

hello everyone, I like a lot of u lov my swede, big time, pulled it out after some years of dust collecting, doin other things and wow,how nice is that. my only complaint is the guitar is a little heavy for an old rocker like me but will never part with her. what was the weight of the hagstrom swede. also since i hav this new lov affair im mighty curious as to the date of her birth. serial 826088,the guitar is cherry red,and some close to mint, i lov the fretboard big time,sooo smooth,im going to try and send u all a foto of the bb, oops i guess the upload needs a smaller file,will send the jpg shortly sincerely Bill gulf islands,bc,canada

Originally Posted by uncle bill

serial 826088

Hi Bill,

This is from batch of 350 Swedes made in 1972

Yes, please attach a picture

I bought my Swede second hand many years ago, around 79 I think looking to date it, serial number is 868205

Thanks,

Scratch.

Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.

Hagstrom I Year

Any idea what year a Hagstrom I with serial number 6501460 is.

Any Info.

Any info on Hollow Body Hagstrom, Serial Number 715197 would be great, thanks. How do I post a picture.

My hagstrom

I just recently rediscover my hagstrom I bought 15 years ago. I didnt know what I had till know. Its a hagsrom guitars H-22 with a serial number 86861. ANyone out there know the date.

Guitar Values, Guitar Values for sale, Cheap Guitar Values, Buy Guitar Values, Used Guitar Values.

Solaris 8 Kernel Patch

Aug 15, 2013  I need to check if two patches 120753-05 120048-03 have been installed for Solaris 10. How do I check that they have been installed.

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Answer: Yes, you can patch any Solaris 10 release with Solaris 10 patches. Each Marketing release has one set of patches. For example, the Solaris 8 Marketing.

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Solaris The Solaris Operating System, usually known simply as Solaris, is a Unix-based operating system introduced by Sun Microsystems. The Solaris OS is now owned by Oracle.

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showrev command will show you the kernel/patch level with a release date of some kind on Solaris version up to 9.

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I have the same camera only its just a standard mx7000 not a ringer lol.

If you want the drivers i could probably email you them contact me.

This equally applies to an mx 700 jvc : identical except for the sticker.

See this old news item

it costs 100 and records to. internal memory. does absolutely nothing well and seems to me to be a con. Cheap. no ultra cheap but fakely rebranded to attract more money

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my e-mail addie is mshellshear yahoo.com

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Link 1:-

Link2:-

I hope this helps anyone who got scammed, I would just throw it away or give it to someone you don t like as a birthday present, My mum and Dad got scammed thats who i ended up with mine.

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Thanks x 2

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2010 Camaro Driver Information Center

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The Driver Information Center DIC on the

instrument cluster displays a variety of

vehicle system information and warning

messages.

VEHICLE PERSONALIZATION

Some vehicle features can be customized by

using the controls on the audio system.

A. MENU

Press to display the:

– Vehicle Information menu

units, tire pressure, remaining oil

life, coolant temperature, speed

warning.

– Trip/Fuel menu digital speed -

ometer, trip odometers, fuel range,

average fuel economy, average

vehicle speed, OnStar

guidance.

Rotate the switch to scroll through the

items of each menu.

C. SET/CLR

Press to set or clear the displayed

menu item or warning message. Some

urgent messages cannot be cleared

from the DIC display.

1. Press the CONFIG button A to enter

the Settings menu.

2. Turn the MENU/SELECT knob B to

highlight the Vehicle Settings menu;

press the knob to select it.

3. Turn the MENU/SELECT knob to high-

light the desired menu item; press the

knob to select it.

4. Turn the MENU/SELECT knob to high-

light the desired selection; press the

knob to select it and move back to the

last menu.

5. Press the

BACK button C to exit

each menu.

See Instruments and Controls in your Owner Manual.

Turn-by-Turn

POWER/

Display available

VOLUME

song information

RADIO

CD/AUX:

BAND

Play a

FM, AM,

CD or

XM

portable

audio

device

Note: Once the key is turned off, the audio system will continue to work for 10 minutes or until the

driver s door is opened. The audio system can be turned on with the vehicle off by pressing the

Power button. Any input will cause the system to operate for 10 minutes or until the Power button is

pressed again.

INFO:

Display pages of

favorite radio stations

PHONE:

Open the

Phone

menu

FAV:

CONFIG:

SEEK:

Settings

Previous

and Next

radio

station

See Infotainment System in your Owner Manual.

MENU/SELECT:

Tune radio stations and

open/select menus

TONE:

Move back

Tone menu

one level

menus

BACK:

in the

AUDIO SYSTEM

Note: Avoid extended searching for specific items or configuring system settings while driving.

Favorite Stations

Radio stations from all bands AM, FM or XM can be stored, in any order, on up to six

pages of favorites.

Setting Number of Favorite Pages

1. Press the CONFIG button.

2. Turn the MENU/SELECT knob to highlight the Radio Settings menu; press the knob to

select it.

3. Turn the MENU/SELECT knob to highlight Radio Favorites; press the knob to select it.

4. Turn the MENU/SELECT knob to choose the desired number of favorite pages; press

the knob to select it.

Storing Favorite Stations

1. Tune in the desired radio station.

2. Press the FAV button to display the page where the station is to be stored.

3. Press and hold one of the six numeric pushbuttons until the station is heard, indicating

it is stored.

4. Repeat the steps for each pushbutton on each page.

Setting the Time

1. Turn on the radio.

2. Press the CONFIG button.

3. Turn the MENU/SELECT knob to highlight Time and Date Settings; press the knob

to select it.

4. Turn the MENU/SELECT knob to highlight the desired time or date item; press the

5. Turn the MENU/SELECT knob to change the value; press the knob to confirm the

set value.

6. Press the

BACK button to exit each menu.

Portable Audio Devices

A 3.5mm auxiliary input jack and, in select models, a USB port are located in the

center console.

A portable audio device connected to the auxiliary input jack can be controlled only by

using the portable device controls. To optimize speaker volume, fully increase the volume

level of the portable device.

Compatible devices connected to the USB port can be controlled by the audio system.

Not all devices may be supported. Use the MENU/SELECT knob and the audio steering

wheel controls to access various functions.

See Infotainment System in your Owner Manual.

– Volume

Press or – to adjust the volume.

SRC Source

Press to select an audio source.

BLUETOOTH

The in-vehicle Bluetooth system allows users with a Bluetooth-enabled cell phone to make

and receive hands-free calls using the vehicle s audio system, microphone and controls.

The Bluetooth-enabled cell phone must be paired with the in-vehicle Bluetooth system

before it can be used in the vehicle. Not all phones will support all functions.

Bluetooth audio streaming is also available with devices that support the following

Bluetooth profiles: A2DP version 1.2 and AVRCP version 1.0.

Visit www.gm.com/bluetooth for more information.

ULTRASONIC REAR PARKING ASSIST/

REAR VISION CAMERA

Ultrasonic Rear Parking Assist

Detected objects are indicated by audible beeps when the vehicle is in Reverse.

The interval between beeps becomes shorter as the vehicle gets closer to an object.

The system operates at speeds less than 5 mph.

To turn the system On/Off, open the Collision Detection Systems menu under the

Vehicle Settings menu by using the audio system controls.

Rear Vision Camera

When the vehicle is in Reverse, a view of the area behind the vehicle appears on the

inside rearview mirror.

SYSTEM

Next/Previous

Rotate up or down to go to the next

or previous favorite radio station, CD

track, or MP3 file.

Push to Talk

Press to interact with the OnStar

or Bluetooth system.

End Call/Mute

Press to end or reject an OnStar

or a Bluetooth call.

Press and hold to mute the vehicle

speakers.

See Driving and Operating in your Owner Manual.

Air delivery modes:

Vent

Bi-level

Off/

Fan

Floor

Temperature

Defrost

Recirculation

control

Defog

mode

Air conditioning

Driver s

Rear window

Passenger s

heated seat

defogger

control

Recirculation Mode

The recirculation mode can help quickly cool the air inside the vehicle or prevent outside

odors from entering the vehicle. It is not available while the defog or defrost mode is

selected.

When the recirculation mode is used without air conditioning, the air humidity increases

and the windows may fog.

Maximum Cooling

1. Turn the temperature control to the

MAX setting.

2. Press the

Air Conditioning control button. The indicator will illuminate.

3. Turn the

Fan control to the High setting.

See Climate Controls in your Owner Manual.

EXTERIOR/INTERIOR LIGHTING

Automatic Headlamp System

Interior Lighting

WINDSHIELD WIPERS AND WASHER

POWER DOOR LOCKS

Press the power door

center of the instrument panel, to lock or unlock all doors. An open door will not lock.

To open a locked door from inside the vehicle, pull the inside door handle to unlock the

door and then pull the handle again to open the door.

AUTO Automatic Headlamp System

Press the knob to turn the fog lamps on or off.

On vehicles with the RS package, the DRLs

replace the fog lamps.

Rotate and hold the switch to adjust the

intensity of the instrument panel lighting.

Note: The ambient lighting

not extend across the instrument panel.

2 High

1 Low

Rotate the band to increase or decrease the

delay between wipes.

Pull the lever toward you to spray washer fluid

on the windshield.

Lock/

Unlock button, located on each door and in the

Off/On

Parking Lamps

Headlamps

Fog Lamps

Instrument Panel Brightness

See Lighting in your Owner Manual.

Intermittent

Off

Mist

Washer Fluid

See Keys, Doors and Windows in your Owner Manual.

on the door panels does

Setting Cruise Control

1. Press the

On/Off button. The

Cruise Control symbol will illuminate in

white in the instrument cluster.

2. When traveling at the desired speed,

rotate the SET– switch down to set the

speed. The

will illuminate in green in the instrument

cluster.

AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION TAP SHIFT

The 6-speed automatic transmission has

a Tap Shift mode that allows you to shift

gears similar to a manual transmission.

When using this feature, the vehicle will

have firmer shifting and sportier

performance.

Cruise Control symbol

Adjusting Cruise Control

Use the following switches to adjust or

cancel cruise control:

RES Resume/Accelerate

Rotate the switch up to resume a set

speed.

If the system is active, rotate the switch

up to increase speed.

SET– Set/Coast

down to decrease speed.

Cancel

Press to cancel the cruise control

but retain the set speed in memory.

The cruise control set speed is erased

when cruise control or the vehicle ignition

is turned off.

Using Tap Shift

1. Move the shift lever to the

M Manual position. S Sport

Mode will be shown in the Driver

Information Center DIC.

2. Using the buttons on the back of

the steering wheel, tap the left –

button to downshift and the right

button to upshift. The current

gear selection will be shown in the

DIC and HUD.

If current vehicle speed is too high or

too low for the requested gear, the

shift will not occur.

When coming to a stop, the transmis-

sion will automatically shift to 1st gear

V6 or to 2nd gear V8.

See Driving and Operating in your Owner Manual.

The 6-speed manual transmission V8 includes a 1-to-4 shift feature that helps achieve

the best possible fuel economy.

The 1-to-4 shift light will turn on when, from a standstill, acceleration and vehicle speed

qualifications are met. When the shift light is on, the transmission can be shifted only from

1st to 4th gear. Forcing the shift lever into any other gear may damage the transmission.

Note: When selecting Reverse, a swift motion to the left side V6 or right side V8 of the gear

pattern is required. When 1st V6 or 5th V8 is the desired selection, a slower motion toward the

gear is the proper method. When in Reverse V6, an R illuminates in the DIC and a chime sounds.

STABILITRAK

The traction control system limits wheelspin, and the StabiliTrak stability control system

assists with directional control of the vehicle in difficult driving conditions. Both systems

turn on automatically every time the vehicle is started.

COMPETITIVE MODE AND LAUNCH CONTROL V8

Note: Competitive Mode and Launch Control are recommended only for use during closed track

events and competitive driving venues. See your Owner Manual.

Competitive Mode

Competitive Mode is an optional handling mode.

To turn on the Competitive Mode, press the

twice quickly. Competitive Mode will be displayed in the Driver Information Center.

Press the button again to return to normal StabiliTrak/traction control operation.

Launch Control V8 with Manual Transmission

Launch Control is a form of traction control that optimizes wheelspin while launching the

vehicle. It is activated when the vehicle is at a standstill while in Competitive Mode.

When the accelerator pedal is pressed to the floor with the clutch engaged, the RPM is

limited to a predetermined level. Releasing the clutch while keeping the accelerator

pressed to the floor provides controlled wheelspin and acceleration.

/TRACTION CONTROL SYSTEMS

Turning the Systems Off/On

To turn off traction control, press the

StabiliTrak/Traction Control button.

The

Traction Off light will illuminate.

To turn off both traction control and

StabiliTrak, press and hold the button.

Traction Control Off/

StabiliTrak Off light will illuminate.

Press the button again to turn on both

systems.

StabiliTrak/Traction Control button

SUNROOF

WINDOW INDEXING

To provide a tight seal, the window will automatically open slightly when the door is

opened and then automatically close when the door is closed. If battery power is

dis connected, follow the Owner Manual procedure for initializing the indexing feature.

CONVERTIBLE TOP OPERATION

Before operating the convertible top, park the vehicle, remove the tonneau cover from

the vehicle if installed, make sure that the cargo shade A is in the extended,

fastened position with no objects above the shade, and that the trunk is closed.

Operate the Power Top

1. Start the engine, shift to Park or Neutral, and set the parking brake.

2. Pull and turn the front latch clockwise to unlock the top; pull and turn it counterclock-

wise to lock the top.

3. Press and hold the

overhead console to lower the top; press and hold the

the switch to raise the top. The windows will automatically lower. A chime will sound

when the top is lowered completely.

Open switch rear part of the switch on the left side of the

Tonneau Cover Installation

1. Unfold the cover and insert the forward tabs B

under the trim on both sides.

2. Attach the cover clips to the posts on the back

seat rear panel.

3. Push the outer rim and center of the cover under

the vehicle trim.

Loss of Vehicle Power

If the vehicle has lost power, the convertible top can

be raised manually by releasing pressure on the

hydraulic pump. Refer to your Owner Manual.

Note: Top will not operate in cold weather below 32 F 0 C.

Vent/Open

Press the rear of the switch to the first

detent to vent the sunroof.

Press the rear of the switch to the

second detent to express-open the

sunroof.

Close

Press and hold the front of the switch to

close the sunroof.

Close switch front part of

See Keys, Doors and Windows in your Owner Manual.

TIRES

Tire Pressure Monitor

The Tire Pressure Monitor alerts you when a significant reduction in pressure occurs in

one or more of your vehicle s tires by illuminating the

Low Tire Pressure warning

light on the instrument cluster. The warning light will remain on until the tire pressure is

corrected. The proper tire pressures for your vehicle are listed on the Tire and Loading

Information label, located below the driver s door latch.

You may notice during cooler conditions that the low tire pressure warning light will

appear when the vehicle is first started and then turn off as you drive. This may be an

early indicator that your tire pressures are getting low and the tires need to be inflated to

the proper pressure.

Note: The Tire Pressure Monitor can alert you about low tire pressure, but it doesn t replace normal

monthly tire maintenance. It is the driver s responsibility to maintain correct tire pressures.

Tire Sealant and Compressor Kit

The tire sealant and compressor kit can be used to temporarily seal small punctures in

the tread area of the tire. The kit is located under the trunk floor. Refer to the tire inflator

kit instructions for complete operating information.

Snow Tires

Your vehicle features rear-wheel drive and may be equipped with summer perfor mance

tires that offer excellent handling on dry roads. However, during winter months, it is

recommended to switch to snow tires that will provide additional traction in poor weather

conditions. See your Chevrolet dealer for information about recommended snow tires.

ENGINE OIL LIFE SYSTEM

The Oil Life System calculates engine oil life based on vehicle use and displays Change

Engine Oil Soon on the Driver Information Center when it s necessary to change the

engine oil and filter. The system should be reset to 100 only following an oil change.

Resetting the Oil Life System

1. Turn the ignition to the On position, but do not start the engine.

2. Press the MENU button to display the Vehicle Information menu.

3. Rotate the

switch to view Remaining Oil Life.

4. Press and hold the SET button until 100 is displayed.

5. Turn off the ignition.

BATTERY

The vehicle battery is located below the trunk floor. Jump-start positive and negative posts

are located under the hood on the driver s side of the vehicle.

See Vehicle Care in your Owner Manual.

1-800-CHEV-USA

1-800-243-8872

As the owner of a new Chevrolet, your vehicle is automatically enrolled in the Chevrolet

Roadside Assistance program for 5 years/100,000 miles at no expense to you. This

value-added service is intended to provide you with peace of mind as you drive in the city or

travel the open road.

Chevrolet s Roadside Assistance toll-free number is staffed by a team of technically trained

advisors who are available 24 hours a day, 365 days a year, to provide minor repair informa-

tion or make arrangements to tow your vehicle to the nearest Chevrolet dealer.

Roadside Assistance and OnStar

If you have a current OnStar subscription, press the OnStar button and the vehicle will

send your current GPS location to an OnStar Advisor who will speak to you, assess your

problem, contact Roadside Assistance and relay your exact location so you will get the help

you need.

MYCHEVROLET AND ONSTAR MOBILE APPS

The myChevrolet and OnStar mobile apps connect owners to a variety of

vehicle information and services, such as a searchable Owner Manual,

real-time fuel information and Roadside Assistance, as well as enable

users to perform Remote Keyless Entry transmitter commands, including

locking and unlocking the doors and starting the vehicle.

An active OnStar account is required to use the OnStar mobile app. Visit OnStar.com

for more information. Download the mobile apps from your iPhone

app store.

CHEVROLET OWNER CENTER

The Chevrolet Owner Center, a complimentary service for Chevrolet owners, is a one-stop

resource designed to enhance your Chevrolet ownership experience. Exclusive member

benefits include online service reminders, vehicle maintenance tips, online owner manual

and special privileges.

Sign up today at www.gmownercenter.com/chevrolet.

Certain restrictions, precautions and safety procedures apply to your vehicle. Please read your Owner Manual

for complete instructions. All information contained herein is based on the latest information available at the time

of printing and is subject to change without notice. Copyright 2011 by General Motors. All rights reserved.

.20999251.

Always demand genuine GM Parts

TTY Users: 1-888-889-2438

or Android device s

20999251

Table Of ContentsInstrument Panel2.Remote Keyless Entry Transmitter4.Remote Vehicle Start4.Seat Adjustments5.Driver Information Center6.Vehicle Personalization6.Audio System7.Audio Steering Wheel Controls9.Ultrasonic Rear Parking Assist9.Rear Vision Camera9.Climate Controls10.Windshield Wipers And Washer11.Power Door Locks11.Cruise Control12.Window Indexing14.Convertible Top Operation14.Engine Oil Life System15.Roadside Assistance16.Chevrolet Owner Center16.

Turn Signal Lever/Driver

Information Center Controls

Exterior/Interior

Lamps Control

Safety Belt

Reminder

Check Engine

Low Tire Pressure

Brake System

Warning

Antilock Brake

System Warning

Driver

Information Center

Cruise

Tilt/Telescopic

Control

Steering Wheel

Buttons

Lever

Charging System

Oil Pressure

Airbag Readiness

Security

Fog Lamps

Cruise Control Set

Traction Control Off

Audio Steering

Wheel Controls

Wipers Lever

Hood

Release

StabiliTrak/Traction

Control Off

Control Warning

Lights On

Windshield

Head-Up

Display

Controls

Climate Controls/

Heated Seat Buttons

Auxiliary

StabiliTrak

Gauges

Button

The accessory power outlet does not operate once the key is removed from the ignition and the

driver s door is opened.

Note: Refer to your Owner Manual to learn about the information being relayed by the lights, gauges

and indicators of the instrument cluster, as well as what to do to ensure safety and prevent damage.

Audio

Hazard Warning Flashers Button/

System

Power Door Locks Button

Accessory Power

Outlet

REMOTE VEHICLE START

During a remote start, the vehicle s climate control system will operate at the same setting

as when the vehicle was last turned off and, based on outside temperature, the heated

seats will turn on. The heated seats will turn off when the ignition is turned on.

Starting the Vehicle

1. Aim the Remote Keyless Entry transmitter at the vehicle. Transmitter range depends

on operating conditions.

2. Press and release the

3. Immediately press and hold the

When the vehicle starts, the parking lamps will light and remain on while the engine is

running. The engine will continue running for 10 minutes.

4. Repeat these steps for a 10-minute time extension. Remote start can be extended

only once.

After a remote start, the ignition must be turned to the On position before driving.

Canceling a Remote Start

Press and hold the

Note: Several conditions will cause the Remote Vehicle Start feature not to operate, such as if the

key is in the ignition or the hood or doors are not closed.

Unlock

Press to unlock the driver s door only or all doors. The

unlock setting can be changed in the Vehicle Settings menu

by pressing the CONFIG button on the audio system.

Lock

Press to lock all doors. The driver s door will not lock

if open.

Trunk

Press and hold to unlatch the trunk.

Vehicle Locator/Panic Alarm

Press and release to locate your vehicle. The turn signal

lamps will flash and the horn will sound.

Press and hold to activate the alarm. The turn signal lamps

will flash and the horn will sound until the button is pressed

again or the ignition is turned on.

Remote Vehicle Start

Use to start the engine from outside the vehicle.

Lock button on the transmitter.

Remote Start button for at least two seconds.

Remote Start button until the parking lamps turn off.

6-Way Power Seat Adjustment

Driver and Front Passenger

4-Way Seat Adjustment

Driver only

HEAD-UP DISPLAY

The Head-Up Display HUD projects a range of vehicle information on the windshield,

reducing the need to look away from the road.

HUD Controls

A. Seat Adjustment

Move the horizontal control to move

the seat forward or rearward and to

raise, lower or tilt the seat.

B. Power Seatback Recline

Adjustment

Move the vertical control to recline or

raise the seatback.

Move the lever up or down repeatedly

to raise or lower the seat.

Seat Position

Lift the front handle to slide the seat

forward or rearward.

See Seats and Restraints in your Owner Manual.

OFF

Turn the knob fully counterclockwise to

turn off the display.

Brightness

Turn the knob to brighten or dim the

display.

PAGE

Press the PAGE button on the knob to

select one of three display formats.

Up/Down

Press the HUD up or down arrow button to

adjust the up/down position of the display

Take care of your 2010 Chevy Camaro and you ll be rewarded with years of great looks and performance. Our accessories and parts are all you need to make it happen.

Chevrolet Camaro Getting To Know Manual: Driver Information Center; Vehicle Personalization